城乡融合视域下养老下乡的生成机制与实践策略

Generation Mechanism and Practical Strategies of Retirement to the Countryside from the Perspective of Urban-Rural Integration

在中国城市化进程不断加速、人口老龄化程度持续加深以及农村社会日渐凋敝的现实背景下,养老下乡现象不断增加并引起了社会的关注。目前学术界对此研究较少,且缺乏成型的理论解释。基于此,从城乡融合的角度,结合相关案例材料,对养老下乡的生成逻辑与实践形态进行了分析。研究发现,养老下乡是在外部推动和内生诉求的双重影响下生成的,具体呈现出老人自发型、政府引导型、企业开发型、社区内生型和宗教支持型五种实践形态。但却面临着看病就医难、基础设施不健全、精神供给不足、缺乏政策规范等挑战。还需引入医疗资源、吸引外来资本、利用好农村文化场和充分发挥政府职能,并紧扣乡村振兴的历史机遇,以城乡融合为目标,以可持续生活为理念,以健康养老为主线,引导养老下乡向产业化、专业化、整合化的方向发展。

In the context of the accelerating urbanization process,the deepening of the aging population and the gradual decline of the rural society in China,the phenomenon of retirement to the countryside is increasing and attracting social attention. However,the theoretical explanation for this phenomenon is lacking. Based on this,combined with relevant case materials,this paper analyzes the generation logic and practical type of retirement to the countryside from the perspective of urbanrural integration. This study found that the phenomenon of retirement to the countryside was generated under the dual influence of external promotion and endogenous appeals,and specifically presented five practical types including elderly self-motive,government-led,enterprise development,community endowment and religious support. However,it faced with challenges such as difficulty in seeing a doctor,inadequate infrastructure,inadequate mental supply,and lack of policy regulations. To this regard,this paper suggests to introduce medical resources,attract foreign capital,make good use of rural cultural fields and give full play to government functions. In addition,closely follow the historical opportunities of rural revitalization,taken urban-rural integration as the goal,sustainable living as the concept,healthy old-age care as the main line,this paper also suggests guiding the development of retirement to the countryside towards industrialization,specialization and integration.