自我、权利与正义——与约翰·密尔自由主义相关的三个问题

Self,Rights and Justice:Three Issues Related to John Mill’s Liberalism

自由主义有着许多不同形态。在自我、权利与正义这三个当代政治哲学关心的核心议题上,密尔式自由主义都给出了与康德式自由主义非常不同的思考。密尔认为自我既不是一种超越于经验之上的先验性个体,又不是一种必须依附于所处社群而存在的身份性个体。密尔将权利与善的关系转化成了自由与善的关系,自由能够让善多元化。密尔的功利原理不仅仅是一种道德原理,正义在道德领域具有首要性,但在整个功利原理当中并不占据着核心位置。密尔式自由主义能够提供一种为自由主义辩护的新思路。

There are many different forms of liberalism.On the three core issues of contemporary political philosophy,i.e.self,right and justice,Mill’s liberalism gives a very different thinking from Kantian liberalism.Mill believes that the self is neither a transcendental individual beyond experience,nor an identity individual that must be attached to the community.Mill transformed the relationship between right and good into the relationship between freedom and good,and freedom can make the good diversified.Mill’s utilitarian principle is not only a kind of moral principle.Justice is of primary importance in the moral field,but it does not occupy the core position in the whole utilitarian principle.Mill’s liberalism can provide a new way to defend liberalism.