中国和印度中老年人健康状况公平性研究

Research on Equity of Health Statusamong Chinese and Indian Middle-Aged and Old People

目的分析中国和印度中老年人健康状况公平性及影响因素。方法利用全球老龄化与成人健康研究调查数据,采用失能评估量表得分反映健康状况,计算集中指数并对集中指数进行分解。结果中国和印度中老年人失能评估量表平均分分别为7.32和23.38,集中指数分别为-0.1909和-0.0831。集中指数分解后,经济水平、受教育程度和工作类型的贡献率均较高。在中国,三种因素的贡献率分别为66.41%、16.45%和13.10%;在印度,三种因素的贡献率分别为65.96%、24.04%和7.37%。结论中国和印度中老年人存在健康状况不公平,较好的健康状况集中在经济水平较高的人群中。与印度相比,中国中老年人健康状况更好,但健康状况不公平程度较严重。社会经济地位差异是造成两国中老年人健康状况不公平的主要因素。为了更好地应对人口老龄化,中国和印度政府应该继续加强并完善适宜的社会福利和医疗保障措施。

Objective To evaluate health equity of the middle-aged and old people and analyze factors that influen-ced the health equity in China and India.Methods Based on data from Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health,the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule(WHODAS)disability score was measured to represent the health status of Chinese and Indian middle-aged and old people.The concentration index(CI)was calculated to evaluate the socioeconomic inequity of health status in each country,and CI was further decomposed in which the percentage contribution of each determinant was calculated.Results The mean value of the WHODAS among the middle-aged and old people was 7.32 in China,and 23.38 in India.The CI was-0.1909 in China,and-0.0831 in India.fter decomposition of CI,the percentage contribution of financial status,educational level and work type were the highest among Chinese and Indian population.Among Chinese middle-aged and old people,the percentage contribution of financial status,educational level and work type were 66.41%,16.45%and 13.10%respectively,and were 65.96%,24.04%and 7.37%respectively among Indian middle-aged and old people.Conclusion Inequity of health status existed in both China and India.Those with better financial status,higher education levels and who used to work were more likely to maintain healthy status,in which financial status held the highest percentage contribution of CI.Chinese middle-aged and old population's health status was better than those in India,but inequity of health was more serve in China.The results suggest that both China and India's government should strengthen social welfare and healthcare system,and implement appropriate policy and approach to cope with the rapid population aging.