COVID-19患者行无痛纤维支气管镜诊疗术的临床效果

Painless fiberoptic bronchoscopy in patients with COVID-19:analysis of 33 cases

目的探讨COVID-19患者行无痛纤维支气镜诊疗术的必要性、安全性和可行性。方法采用回顾性研究方法,收集在武汉市第一医院住院期间行无痛纤支镜诊疗术的COVID-19患者的临床资料。记录患者的年龄、性别、ASA分级等基本信息。术中采用静脉全麻联合利多卡因气道表面麻醉的麻醉方式。记录患者术前、术中和术后的基本生命体征变化。评估并记录患者检查过程中的咳嗽程度。追踪患者检查结束后24 h内不良反应的发生情况。监测医务人员的健康状况。结果最终共有33例患者纳入本研究,平均年龄63.58岁,ASA分级Ⅱ~Ⅳ级。患者术前SpO2为(99.1±1.3)%,术中最低SpO2为(94.8±4.3)%,较术前有所降低(P<0.05),但经托下颌开放气道、面罩加压辅助呼吸等处理均可恢复到95%以上。33例患者均成功实施了纤支镜诊疗术,84.85%的患者术中表现为轻微的咳嗽。术后患者无明显麻醉相关并发症。除了标准的三级防护外,检查过程中还创新性地使用了关节镜手术中使用的一次性医用无菌防护套包裹患者的头面部,降低病毒播散的风险。最终未发生医务人员感染的情况。结论COVID-19患者实施纤支镜诊疗过程中采取无痛技术是有临床价值的,且在严格的三级防护下,此操作应该是安全可行的。

Objective To investigate the necessity, safety and feasibility of painless fiberoptic bronchoscopy in patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19). Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics of 33 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 who received painless fiberoptic bronchoscopy in Wuhan First Hospital. The general demographic and clinical data of the patients including age, gender, and ASA classification were collected. The patients received intravenous anesthesia with topical airway anesthesia with lidocaine. The changes in the vital signs of the patients were recorded before,during and after the procedure. The cough intensity of the patients during bronchoscopy were evaluated, and the adverse reactions within 24 h after the procedure were observed. The health status of the medical staff carrying out the procedure was also monitored. Results The 33 patients with ASA class Ⅱ to Ⅳ included 19 male and 14 female patients with an average age of 63.58±11.85 years. The lowest SpO2 of the patients during bronchoscopy was(94.8±4.3)%, which was significantly lower than that before the procedure [(99.1±1.3)%, P<0.05] but was restored to more than 95% after such treatment as holding the jaw to open the airway or face mask positive-pressure ventilation. Bronchoscopy was completed successfully in all the patients, and28 patients(84.85%) had mild cough during the procedure. None of the patients had obvious complications related to anesthesia. While performing the procedure, all the medical staff used third-level protection and facial protection with powered air-purifying respirators(PAPR), and the patients’ face were covered with single-use sterile medical plastic curtains that were originally intended for collecting flushing fluid during arthroscopic procedures. No medical personnel was diagnosed with COVID-19 at the end of the study. Conclusion For patients with COVID-19, painless techniques can be valuable during bronchoscopy, and this procedure can be safe and feasible under third-level protection.