唐五代比喻词的类别与释义——兼与白维国《近代汉语词典》比喻词释义商榷

On the Categories and Interpretations of Figurative Words in the Tang and the Five Dynasties:Also Discusses the Interpretation of Figurative Words in the Modern Chinese Dictionary Edited by Bai Weiguo

比喻词是包含比喻成分的词。从白维国主编的《近代汉语词典》中提取出201个唐五代比喻词,分为全喻词和半喻词两大类。全喻词包括整喻词和分喻词两种。整喻词的整体和本体构成比喻关系。分喻词的各个成分分别与本体构成比喻。半喻词是指词的一部分是比喻语素的词,根据喻指成分的位置可分为前喻词和后喻词两种。与比喻词的分类相对应,唐五代比喻词的释义分为全喻词和半喻词两大类,全喻词释义中以比喻类和指称类最多,半喻词释义中以词义+得名由来类最多。全喻词和半喻词在释义方式上有很大区别,半喻词里没有比喻类释义,而全喻词里则没有词义+得名由来类和形容类释义。

Figurative words are words that contain figurative elements.From the Modern Chinese Dictionary edited by Bai Weiguo,201 figurative words of Tang and Five Dynasties were extracted,which were divided into two categories:full figurative words and semi-figurative words.Full figurative words include words in which the whole is figurative and words in which the every parts are figurative.The whole word form a metaphor with the tenor constitute the figurative relation in the full figurative word.The components of a semi-figurative words form a metaphor with the tenor.Part of semi-figurative word is figurative.According to the position of the semi-figurative component,it can be divided into two types:pre-figurative words and post-figurative words.Corresponding to the classification of figurative words,the meanings of figurative words in Tang and Five Dynasties are divided into two categories:full figurative words and semi-figurative words.Metaphor and reference are the most important sorts in the interpretation of figurative words,while meaning plus reason of naming is the most important sort in the interpretation of half figurative words.There is a great difference in the way of interpretation between full and semi-figurative words.Having no metaphor to explain the meaning of semi-figurative words,while full figurative words have no meaning plus the reason of naming or use the adjective to explain the meaning.