寒区水塘冰盖生长和消融分析

Ice cover growth-decay proces of pond in cold region

冰盖厚度是冰工程研究中最重要的特征参数之一。为明晰寒区静冰生长和消融的过程,准确计算冰盖厚度,通过分析影响静冰生消的各热力过程,建立了生长期和消融期冰厚计算的热力学模型,采用黑龙江省青花湖8号水塘的冰情观测数据对冰厚计算模型进行了验证,并分析了塘冰温度链观测数据。结果表明:提出的冰厚计算模型可用于精确预测冰盖厚度的生消过程;通过回归分析得到了表面冰温随气温和风速变化的表达式;冰层内的冰温变化与气温波动存在一定的响应关系,且随着冰深增加,冰温波动幅度减小;在冰盖生长期,冰下水体持续降温,随着水深的增加,水温变化速率逐渐减小;在冰盖消融期,水温先缓慢回升随后快速升高,最大升温速率可达0.13℃/d。研究成果可为寒区静冰生消分析及冰厚计算提供科学依据。

Ice cover thickness is a important characteristic parameter in ice engineering research.The growth and decay of hydrostatic ice are dictated by radiation balance,atmosphere-ice heat exchange,and heat flux from water under the ice.To investigate the growth and decay process of static ice and accurately estimate the thickness of ice cover,a thermodynamic model of ice thickness was presented by analyzing thermal processes affecting the ice cover evolution.The proposed thermodynamic model was verified by the observation data of the 8th pond of Qinghuahu Lake in Heilongjiang Province,and the observed vertical temperature through ice and water were analyzed.The results show that the ice thickness model can accurately predict the evolution process of ice thickness.An expression of surface ice temperature with air temperature and wind speed is obtained by regression analysis.Ice temperature is affected by air temperature,and the fluctuation range of ice temperature decreases with the increase of ice depth.During the growth period,the water body continues to cool down,and with the increase of water depth,the change rate of water temperature decreases gradually.During the decay period,the rising rate of water temperature is slow at first and then increases rapidly,and the maximum rate can reach 0.13℃/day.The research can provide reference for the evolution analysis and thickness calculation of static ice in cold region.