肾移植受者术后感染的回顾性研究

Retrospective study of secondary infections among kidney transplant recipients

目的探讨肾移植术后感染的发生率、病原菌谱及其危险因素。方法回顾性研究2017年1月至2019年8月于某三级甲等医院成功进行肾移植手术的315例受者临床资料,分析其术后感染发生率、相关病原菌分布特点以及明确影响肾移植受者术后感染的相关因素。结果共144例(45.71%)肾移植受者术后发生感染,且一年内高发(90例,62.50%);病原菌检出共65株,以卡式肺孢子菌感染(14例,21.54%)多见;肺部(79例,54.48%)为主要感染部位。术后住院时间≥15 d是肾移植术后感染发生的危险因素(P<0.001),术后预防性应用更昔洛韦或复方磺胺甲噁唑是其保护因素。结论肾移植术后感染发生率较高,临床医务人员应采取针对性措施进行有效防治,改善患者预后。

Objective To explore the incidence,pathogenic bacteria,related factors of secondary infections after kidney transplantation.Methods The clinical data of 315 recipients who underwent successful allograft kidney transplantation in a tertiary hospital from January 2017 to August 2019 were retrospectively analyzed,with a focus on the incidence of postoperative infection,distribution of related pathogens and the relevant factors affecting the postoperative infection of kidney transplant recipients.Results A total of 144(45.71%)kidney transplant recipients developed postoperative infections and had a high incidence within one year(90,62.50%).A total of 65 pathogenic bacteria were detected,more common with Pneumocystis carinii infection(14,21.54%).The lung(79,54.48%)was the main infection site.The length of hospital stay over 15 days was a risk factor for infection after kidney transplantation,and ganciclovir or SMZ was a protective factor after surgery.Conclusion The incidence of infection after kidney transplantation is very high,and clinical medical staff should take targeted measures to effectively improve the prognosis.