水产动物种质创制新技术及在海参、海胆遗传育种中的应用

Application of Germplasm Innovation Technology in Sea Cucumber and Sea Urchin Genetic Breeding

随着现代遗传育种理论和生物技术的不断发展与创新,水产育种技术也开始从传统的选择育种、杂交育种技术,逐渐向与分子标记辅助育种、细胞工程育种、全基因组选择育种、分子设计育种、性别控制、基因转移以及基因编辑等现代分子辅助育种技术相结合的方向发展。虽然,我国水产种业已经形成并蓬勃发展,但仍存在良种覆盖率低、研究深度不够等问题和挑战。本文在国内外研究的基础上,重点综述了棘皮动物(海参和海胆)的种质资源概况、水产养殖育种新技术及在经济棘皮动物中的应用,并对海参、海胆养殖业提出了建议,以期为合理开发我国经济棘皮动物种质资源提供参考,推动水产养殖业绿色发展。

Along with the development and innovations in genetic engineering and biotechnology,aquaculture breeding has expanded from traditional selective breeding and hybrid breeding to markerassisted selective breeding,cell engineering breeding,genome-wide genotyping-based selective breeding,molecular design breeding,sex control breeding,gene transfer,gene editing,and other molecular marker-assisted breeding technologies.Although the aquaculture seed industry has advanced,several problems and challenges remain such as the low coverage rate of improved varieties and insufficient research depth.This review provides a detailed analysis of the main advances made in the field of aquaculture technology and summarizes the commercially valuable germplasm resources of echinoderms(sea cucumbers and sea urchins)and their applications.We also propose to the sea cucumber and sea urchin breeding industry to provide a reference for the development of germplasm resources for echinoderms of commercial value and promote the green development of the aquaculture industry.