棘皮动物精子超低温冷冻保存技术研究进展

Progress in Research on Cryopreservation Technology for Echinoderm Sperm

棘皮动物(Echinodermata)是无脊椎动物中进化地位最高等的类群,其海参纲(Holothurioidea)和海胆纲(Echinoidea)的一些物种具有非常高的经济价值和营养价值。由于受到人类活动的影响,很多棘皮动物物种数量和生物多样性遭到了严重破坏,种质资源保存迫在眉睫。超低温冷冻保存是种质资源长期保存的重要方法,具有突破地理隔离、实现远缘杂交、保护种质资源、解决种质退化和保护濒危物种等作用。本文综述了海胆、海参和海星3种主要棘皮动物的精子超低温冷冻保存研究进展,并展开描述了精子收集、稀释剂和抗冻剂制备、平衡、冷却、解冻和质量评价等精子冷冻保存过程的各个步骤,以期为棘皮动物种质资源保存的进一步研究及产业化应用提供参考。

Echinoderms hold the highest evolutionary status among the invertebrates and some species in the class Holothuroidea(sea cucumber)and Echinoidea(sea urchin)have very high economic and nutritional values.However,because of the impact of human activities,the number and biodiversity of several echinoderm species have severely declined,and germplasm degradation has been especially prominent in recent years,mainly manifesting as slow growth,frequent diseases,and low survival rates.Therefore,the preservation of germplasm resources is critical.Cryopreservation is an important method for the long-term preservation of germplasm resources.It has the advantages of breaking through geographical isolation,realizing distant hybridization,protecting germplasm resources,solving the problem of germplasm degradation,and protecting endangered species.This article reviews the progress in research on the cryopreservation of sperm of three major echinoderms(sea urchins,sea cucumbers,and starfish),and describes the various steps in sperm cryopreservation processes,such as sperm collection,extender and cryopreservation preparation,balance,cooling,thawing,and quality evaluation,to provide a ready reference for the future research and the industrial application of cryopreservation to echinoderm germplasm resources.