论商标侵权惩罚性赔偿之适用要件与体系定位

Judicial Application and System Positioning of Punitive Damages for Trademark Infringement

自2013年诞生至今,《商标法》中的惩罚性赔偿制度还很难说被完全“激活”。为了解决惩罚性赔偿制度适用中存在的诸多障碍,要分别对惩罚性赔偿的适用要件和体系定位进行明确和重构。惩罚性赔偿的适用应以权利人主张为前提且坚持歉抑性原则。“恶意”需在主观故意的基础上进一步考量是否具有道德上的强烈可责性,而“情节严重”是对惩罚性赔偿适用的进一步限制,与“恶意”研究要件构成“双保险”机制。因此,即便“恶意”与“情节严重”有高度的并发性,且对应的具体事实有所重合,法院在裁判也应当分别予以论述。为了真正发挥惩罚性赔偿作为一种“评价机制”的功能,更需要对《商标法》第63条的结构予以重构,明确法定赔偿限于“补偿”,并将惩罚性赔偿条款置于法定赔偿之后,允许以法定赔偿为基数叠加适用惩罚性赔偿。

Since its birth in 2013,it is difficult to say that the punitive damages system in the trademark law has been fully"activated".In order to remove the obstruction of punitive damages in judicial application,it is necessary to clarify and reconstruct the application requirements and system positioning of punitive damages.In principle,the application of punitive damages should be strictly limited."Malice"needs to be further considered on the basis of subjective intention whether the behavior is strongly immoral in social evaluation,and"Serious circumstances"is a further restriction on the application of punitive damages,which constitutes a"double insurance"mechanism with"malice"element.Therefore,even if"Malice"and"Serious circumstances"are highly concurrent,and the corresponding specific facts overlap,the court should discuss them separately in the judgment.In order to give full play to the function of punitive damages as an"evaluation mechanism",it is more necessary to reconstruct the structure of Article 63 of the trademark law,make it clear that the statutory damages are limited to"compensation",put the punitive damages clause after the statutory damages,and allow the application of punitive damages based on the statutory damages.