价值理论的发展:从李嘉图到马克思

Theory of Value: Development from David Ricardo to Marx

价值理论是李嘉图全部经济学理论的基础,也为马克思劳动价值论的建立奠定了基础。李嘉图重点研究了资本主义社会国民财富的分配问题,他以其价值论为基础论证了工资、利润和地租的形成及其相互关系,揭露了当时社会的阶级矛盾。李嘉图价值理论的主要缺点在于其经济范畴的超历史性。马克思运用历史唯物主义的研究方法,批评李嘉图混淆了价值与交换价值、混淆了利润与剩余价值、混淆了价值与生产价格,并从价值的概念、价值的构成和价值的转化形式等方面完善了劳动价值论。

Theory of value was the foundation of all Ricardo's economic theories and laid the foundation for theestablishment of Marx's labor theory of value.Ricardo focused on studying the distribution of national wealth incapitalist society.On the basis of the theory of value,Ricardo demonstrated the formation of salaries,profts andland rents and their mutual relations,and exposed the class contradictions in the society at that time.Ricardo'stheory of value had the main deficiency of the super historic nature of its economic category.Marx used theresearch method of historical materialism to criticize Ricardo for confusing value and exchange value,profit andsurplus valuc,and value and production price,and perfected the theory of value in the aspects such as the concept.composition and transformation form of value.