给定储能下水中金属丝阵电爆炸冲击波增强的方法

Enhancement of Shock Wave from Underwater Electrical Wire-array Explosion at a Given Stored Energy

为了解决"总质量上限"对水中丝阵电爆炸冲击波的制约,提出了两种新型丝阵构型,"分裂丝"并联丝阵和"串–并联丝"丝阵。实验发现"分裂丝"丝阵电爆炸冲击波随着"分裂丝"数量增多而显著提高,在200 J的初始储能下,从直径0.2 mm单丝的25 MPa提高到直径0.05 mm 16丝的91 MPa。借助"分流支路"成功分离了"分裂丝"丝阵中的单丝冲击波,发现其幅值正比于丝的直径,并且各单丝冲击波在丝阵轴线处满足线性叠加的汇聚规律。根据上述实验结果给出了N根等直径"分裂丝"丝阵冲击波计算式。实验还发现"串联丝"丝阵有助于突破原先"并联丝"丝阵的"总质量上限",但"串联丝"丝阵不一定总是优于"并联丝"丝阵,当初始储能足够高以至于沉积能量足以使丝阵汽化的前提下,高沉积功率才是产生强冲击波的决定因素。因此,"串–并联丝"丝阵可能是最佳的选择,并给出了"串–并联丝"丝阵的优化设计方法。

In order to enhance the shock wave generated by the underwater electrical wire explosion(UEWE) at a fixed energy, two kinds of new wire-array were developed. The first one was made of "split wires" in parallel and the second one was made of wires in parallel and series. In the experiment of UEWE with the wire-array of "split wires" at a fixed energy of 200 J, it is found that the shock wave is greatly enhanced as the number of the "split wires" increases, from 25 MPa with one wire of 0.2 mm in diameter to 91 MPa with 16 wires of 0.05 mm in diameter. With the help of a shunt circuit, the shock wave from one single wire in the wire-array was measured and found to be proportional to the diameter of the wire. The shock wave at the axis of the wire-array is simply the summation of the shock waves from all wires. Based on these experimental results, a formula for calculating the shock wave from the wire-array of "split wires" was deduced. In the experiment of UEWE with the wire-array of wires in parallel and series, it is found that the wire-array of wires in series helps make a breakthrough in the upper limit for the exploding mass at a fixed energy. However, the wire-array of wires in series is not always better than that in parallel. When the deposition energy is high enough for a full vaporization of the wire-array, a high deposition power is crucial for a strong shock wave. Therefore, the wire-array of wires in parallel and series may be the best choice. A method for optimizing the design of a wire-array of wires in parallel and series is given.