职业体育联赛中竞争性平衡战略应用的国际经验及启示

International Experience and China′s Enlightenment on the Application of Competitive Balance Strategy in Professional Sports League Matches

对国外优秀职业体育联赛中竞争性平衡战略的运用进行研究,探讨了国外优秀职业体育联赛中竞争性平衡战略应用的成功经验。研究表明,职业体育联赛中俱乐部球员的流动和资金的流动是影响体育职业联盟竞争性平衡的关键因素。收入分享制度、选秀制度、转会制度及"工资帽"制度等构成国外职业体育联赛竞争性平衡战略的主要内容。考虑到中国的基本国情及中国职业体育联赛发展的现实,从竞争性平衡战略的2个核心要素为基础,提出缩小俱乐部收支差距、有效推进选秀活动、合理限制过高收入、全面推动球员转会等发展路径。

This paper studies the application of competitive balance strategy in foreign excellent professional sports leagues, and probes into the successful experience of the strategy′s application in foreign excellent professional sports leagues. Research shows that the flow of plays and funds are the key factors and the main direction to affect the competitive balance of professional sport league. Income sharing system, talent draft system, transfer system and salary cap system constitute the main contents of competitive balance strategy of foreign professional sports league. Considering the basic national conditions of China and the reality of the development of professional sports leagues in China, and based on the two core elements of competitive balance strategy, this paper proposes to narrow the gap between clubs′ income and expenditure, promote the selection of players scientifically, reasonably limit the excessive income of players, and comprehensively promote the transfer of players to promote the development of professional sports League matches in China.