足球运动对6~12岁儿童下肢本体感觉与平衡控制能力的影响及相关性研究

Research on the Influence and Correlation of Football Sport on 6~12 Years Children′s Lower Limbs Proprioception and Balance Control Ability

目的探讨足球运动对6~12岁儿童下肢本体感觉与平衡控制能力的影响及本体感觉、肌肉力量、平衡能力和运球能力间的关系。方法选取6~12岁的小学足球班学生38人(男女各19人)和同年级普通班学生19人(男10人、女9人)分别进行足球运动和一般性身体锻炼干预,使用运动加速度计监测锻炼强度,并在运动干预前后进行下肢本体感觉、肌肉力量、平衡能力和变向运球测试。结果 (1)2组学生下肢本体感觉的性别差异不显著,20周干预后,足球班学生的踝、膝、髋关节本体感觉要显著优于普通班学生(P<0.01);(2)2组学生下肢力量和平衡能力的性别差异不显著,20周干预后,足球班学生的平衡能力提高更多(P<0.01);(3)平衡能力的改善同下肢本体感觉和力量的提升正相关(P<0.05),运球能力的提高同本体感觉和平衡能力的提高正相关(P<0.05)。结论对于6~12岁儿童,同一般性锻炼相比,足球运动在提高下肢力量的同时还能更为全面地提高踝、膝、髋关节本体感觉,从而更好地改善平衡能力。性别差异对儿童本体感觉和平衡能力的影响不显著。同时,加强下肢本体感觉和平衡能力锻炼,可能会更好地提升运球能力。

Objective To explore the influence of football on 6~12 years children′s lower limbs′ proprioception and balance control ability and the relationship between proprioception, muscle strength, balance ability and football skill.Methods 38 students from the 6~12 years football class(19 boys and 19 girls) and 19 normal class students from the same year(10 boys and 9 girls) were selected for football and general physical exercise interventions separately. Using accelerometers to monitor exercise intensity and testing lower limbs′ proprioception, muscle strength, balance ability and directional dribble before and after exercise interventions.Results(1) There was no significant difference in gender of two groups′ lower limbs′ proprioception. After 20 weeks intervention, the students in the football class had significantly better ankle, knee and hip proprioception than those in the normal class(P<0.01).(2) There was no significant difference in gender of two groups′ lower limbs strength and balance ability. After 20 weeks intervention, the balance ability of the students in the football class increased more(P<0.01).(3) The improvement of balance ability was positively correlated with the increase of proprioception and strength of the lower limbs(P<0.05), and the improvement of dribble ability was positively correlated with the improvement of proprioception and balance ability(P<0.05). Conclusion For children in 6~12 years, compared to general exercise, football can improve lower limbs′ strength and proprioception of ankle, knee and hip at the same time, then improving the balance ability better. Gender differences have no significant effect on children′s proprioception and balance ability. Meanwhile, strengthen proprioceptive and balance ability exercises may improve the dribble ability.