我国煤炭标准物质研究与应用现状分析

Research and application status of coal reference materials in China

标准物质是国家或国际的测量标准和量值传递的载体,是建立测量量值溯源体系最有效的工具。随着对煤科学的研究逐渐深入,无论是工艺革新的理论指导、清洁高效集约化利用的需求或是智能化检测技术的发展均需要以准确可靠的煤质特性指标分析检测为基础,因此煤炭领域标准物质的研制和应用对煤炭分析检测行业的发展、煤炭利用价值和产业的升级具有重要的实践意义。简述标准物质的分类管理、国内外标准物质的发展历程、煤炭标准物质发展现状,对煤炭类标准物质的关键技术和应用方法进行分析。由应用现状分析可知:煤炭样品具有基体效应显著、粒度离析导致的均匀性有限、易氧化变质等特点,故煤炭类标准物质在研制过程中需对系列构建、样品采集、制备、分装、定值等多方面技术开展深入的试验研究,方可有效保证其质量要求,使其有效发挥量值传递作用。随着易受氧化变质影响以及试验条件规范程度要求较高的烟煤黏结指数和胶质层指数工艺类标准物质、表征煤炭自燃发火难易程度属性的自燃倾向性标准物质的成功研制,标志着我国煤炭标准物质研制技术已接轨国际领先水平。积极构建完善的煤炭标准物质体系,研制高准确度计量标准物质,开展信息化量值传递及在线校准技术的推广应用,促进煤炭检测领域计量新技术成果转化,有助于为我国煤炭检测行业的高质量发展提供技术支撑。

Reference material is the carrier of national or international measurement standards and value transmission,and it is the most effective tool to establish measurement value traceability system.China's coal-based energy structure will not change fundamentally in the short term.With the study of coal science gradually,whether technological innovation theory instruction,clean and efficient intensive utilization requirements or the development of intelligent detection technology,are all based on the accurate and reliable detection of coal quality characteristics.So the reference material study and its utilization has great meaning on development of coal testing,and coal utilization value and industrial upgrading.The classification and management of reference materials,the development course of reference materials at home and abroad,and the development status of coal reference materials were summarized.The key technologies and application methods of coal reference materials were analyzed.Known from the analysis of application status,we can see that coal sample has characteristics such as significant matrix effect,limited uniformity caused by particle size segregation,and oxidative deterioration tendencies.Therefore,in the process of development of coal references material,the aspects such as series construction,sample collection,preparation,aliquoting,and value setting,the deep research were done,which can effectively ensure the quality requirement,and effectively play the role of value transfer.The successful development of some new reference materials(such as bituminous coal caking index and plastometer indices,and reference materials for spontaneous combustion tendency)marked that the Chinese coal reference material research technology has developed in line with the international leading level.Some measures such as building perfect system of coal reference materials energetically,developing high-accuracy measurement reference materials,carrying out the popularization and application of information value transfer and online calibration technology,promoting the transformation of new measurement technology achievements in the field of coal testing,are all helpful for providing technology support for high-quality development of China's coal testing industry.