煤直接液化催化剂及其作用机理研究进展

Research progress of direct coal liquefaction catalyst and its catalytic mechanism

煤直接液化是高效洁净利用低变质煤资源的重要技术途径,而催化剂的性能优劣直接决定整个工艺的经济性和可操作性。简述了煤直接液化工艺概况及反应历程,对液化反应历程中煤大分子热解、氢气活化、溶剂加氢、沥青烯加氢、自由基之间的相互反应等过程进行分析和总结,指出煤直接液化反应过程是非均相催化,催化剂在促进煤及沥青烯热裂解的同时为大分子自由基输送H自由基。在结合活性评价分析煤直接液化催化剂作用机理的基础上,提出铁系催化剂活性优化及贵金属催化剂成本优化,即催化剂的微粒径、抗团聚、高活性和低成本仍将是进一步研究的重要方向。

Direct coal liquefaction is the important technical approach for efficient and clean utilization of low metamorphic coal resources,the performance of liquefaction catalysts can directly decide the economy and operability of direct coal liquefaction process.General situation of direct coal liquefaction process and reaction process were summarized.The pyrolysis of coal macromolecules,hydrogen activation,solvent hydrogenation,asphaltene hydrogenation and the interaction between free radicals were analyzed and summarized.The liquefaction reaction process is heterogeneous catalysis.While promoting the thermal pyrolysis of coal and asphaltene,H free radical is transported to macromolecular free radicals.Combining with the activity evaluation,the mechanism of direct coal liquefaction catalyst were analyzed,based on that analysis,the optimization of iron-based catalyst activity and cost optimization of precious metal catalysts were proposed,which means that catalyst particle size,anti-agglomeration,high activity and low cost are the important directions for further research.