四川博物院藏清道光拓西汉扬量买山记拓片探微

Exploration of Rubbings in Sichuan Museum’s Collection:Inscription of Yang Liang’s Purchase of Mountain from the Western Han Dynasty

现藏四川博物院的清道光拓西汉扬量买山记拓片,从内容与文字风格上证实了扬量买山石刻并非伪刻。通过比对以及对拓片上题跋的研究,可知四川博物院所藏3张拓片只有清道光拓西汉扬量买山记拓片为原石所拓,其余2件为不同版本的翻刻。通过原拓与其它汉碑相关文字进行比对,对部分文字进行了释读,考证出刻石之人姓名应为"扬量",厘清了历史上由于没有见到初拓本而造成的文字误读。

Unearthed in Ba County of Sichuan during Emperor Daoguang’s reign of the Qing dynasty(1821-1850 A.D.),the stone inscription of Yang Liang’s Purchase of Mountain was from the Western Han dynasty(202 B.C.–8 A.D.).Only five lines of characters were carved on the stone.Such inscription served as a contract of buying resting places for the dead in the underworld.As claimed in this inscription,the mountain would be a perpetual property of the descendants.It’s a reflection of the private land ownership in the feudal society of our country.As the stone tablet had been lost since Emperor Xianfeng’s reign(1851-1861 A.D.),original rubbings are very rare.Most extant rubbings of the inscription were taken from later duplicates.Sichuan Museum is the largest museum in southwestern China,with a collection of tens of thousands of rubbings.Three rubbings of the Inscription of Yang Liang’s Purchase of Mountain are collected by Sichuan Museum.So far up to hundreds of Eastern Han stone inscriptions have been discovered,while the number of Western Han stone inscriptions is just above 20.Early scholars were skeptical about the authenticity of the Inscription of Yang Liang’s Purchase of Mountain because of its rareness.Based on the sorting of basic information of the inscription and rubbings as well as research status quo,this paper concurs with the mainstream view of the academic circles from the aspects of writing style,that the Inscription of Yang Liang’s Purchase of Mountain is not a counterfeit.Through comparison with previous research and study of the postscript of the three rubbings in Sichuan Museum,the author argues that only the copy from Daoguang’s reign was taken from the original stone,and the other two were taken from different duplicates carved later.By comparing the original copy with other Han tablets and combining with previous research,this paper tries to interpret part of the inscription and conducts textual research on the name Yang Liang who had the stone carved,and clarifies the migration process of the Yang family recorded in the literature.In a word,the original rubbing is an important carrier of rare stone inscriptions from the Western Han dynasty,as well as one of the earliest samples of the Han dynasty Li calligraphy at its mature stage.In addition,as the original stone tablet had been lost,the rubbing is even more priceless and is of great historical value.