创新价值链视角下企业创新效率差异及影响因素分析--基于江苏省国家高新区企业的验证

Differences and Influencing Factors of Enterprise Innovation Efficiency Based on Innovation Value Chain: A Case Study on Enterprises of National High-tech Zones in Jiangsu Province

中国经济新常态背景下,高新区企业创新增效提质是增强高新区创新能力的内生动力。从创新价值链视角出发,将企业创新过程分为技术开发阶段和经济转化阶段,运用两阶段DEA模型分别对2016年江苏省12个国家高新区、11个技术领域以及各高新区内不同技术类型企业的整体和分阶段创新效率进行测度,并构建Tobit回归模型探究每个阶段企业创新效率的影响因素。研究表明:(1)江苏省国家高新区整体创新效率有较大提升空间,其中技术开发效率表现优于经济转化效率。(2)高创新效率的技术领域集中在电子与信息、新材料等,生物医药、环境保护和光机电一体化等技术领域整体创新效率处于较低水平。(3)以各阶段创新效率均值为分界,划分创新资源利用的四种模式,大部分高新区企业处于高开发-低转化和低开发-高转化型模式,存在技术创新与经济转化联系不够紧密的现象。(4)资本投入水平、劳动力的"质"和"量"、政府支持力度对企业创新效率的影响存在明显的阶段差异性。最后,根据研究结果,从强化知识交流网络、集聚多元化人才、调整资源投入产出评估方式及采取扬优补短式效率提升路径四个方面给出提升高新区企业创新效率的政策建议。

Under the background of the new normal of China’s economy, the innovation efficiency enhancement and quality improvement of enterprises in high-tech zones can prominently step up the innovation ability of high-tech zones. From the perspective of the innovation value chain, the innovation process of enterprise was classified as two stages, namely, technology development and economic transformation, in this article. More specifically, this article analyzed the overall innovation efficiency, technology development efficiency and economic transformation efficiency of twelve national high-tech zones, eleven technical fields and enterprises of different technical types in twelve national high-tech zones in Jiangsu Province in 2016, along with their influencing factors, by using two-stage DEA model and Tobit Regression model. The results show that:(1)national high-tech zones in Jiangsu Province still has great room for improvement in terms of the overall innovation efficiency, among which the technology development efficiency is slightly higher than the economic transformation efficiency.(2)The technical fields with high innovation efficiency mainly include electronic information, new materials, etc., while the overall innovation efficiency in the technical fields of biomedicine, environmental protection and opto-mechatronics are at a low level.(3)Four models of innovation resource utilization are classified based on boundary line with average efficiency of two stages. Most of enterprises are in high-development and low-transformation model, as well as low-development and high-transformation model, indicating the disconnection between technology innovation and economic transformation.(4)The influence of the level of capital input, high-quality labor force, workforce and government support on the innovation efficiency of enterprises is obviously different in different stages. Finally, according to the research results, the policy suggestions for improving innovation efficiency of enterprises in high-tech zones include strengthening the knowledge exchange network, retaining diversified talents, adjusting resource input and output evaluation methods and developing one’s strengths and making up one’s weaknesses.