碳排放约束下长江经济带旅游产业效率的时空演化及影响因素研究

Spatial-temporal Evolution and Influencing Factors of Tourism Industry Efficiency Under the Constraints of Carbon Emission in the Yangtze River Economic Zone

环境因素对旅游产业效率的影响是当前旅游研究的热点问题。在对2011~2017年长江经济带旅游碳排放总量进行测算的基础上,分别运用传统DEA模型和非径向SBM模型分析碳排放对旅游产业效率的影响程度,进一步探究碳排放约束下旅游产业效率的时空动态及其影响机制。研究结论为:(1)长江经济带整体旅游碳排放总量呈逐年增长趋势,其中上海市始终保持最大,其次是四川省,而安徽省是唯一一个碳排放总量下降的省份;(2)碳排放对旅游产业效率存在一定的负面影响。从时序上看,长江经济带环境约束下旅游产业综合效率较低,贵州省始终处于高效状态,上海市降幅较大。从空间格局上看,上下游地区空间差异较大,中游地区逐渐缩小,主要原因在于分解指标的不协调发展,特别是规模效率。(3)从影响因素上看,旅游经济发展水平、旅游产业专门化程度、城市化水平和能源消耗水平对碳排放约束下的旅游产业效率呈显著正向影响,其中旅游产业专门化程度和城市化水平影响程度较大。而产业资本和交通发展水平不利于碳排放约束下旅游产业效率的提升。

Considering the impact of environmental factors on the efficiency of tourism industry is a hot issue in current tourism research. Based on the total amount of tourism carbon emissions in the Yangtze River Economic Zone from 2011 to 2017, this paper uses traditional DEA model and non-radial SBM model to analyze the impact of carbon emissions on tourism industry efficiency, and further explores the spatial and temporal dynamics of tourism industry efficiency and its impact mechanism under the constraint of carbon emissions. The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The total carbon emissions of tourism in the Yangtze River Economic Zone are increasing year by year, and Shanghai has always maintained the largest, followed by Sichuan Province, while Anhui Province is the only province whose total carbon emissions have declined;and(2)carbon emissions have a certain negative impact on the efficiency of tourism industry. In terms of time series, the comprehensive efficiency of tourism industry is low under the environmental constraints of the Yangtze River Economic Zone. Guizhou Province has always been in an efficient state, and Shanghai has fallen considerably. From the perspective of spatial pattern, the spatial differences between upstream and downstream areas are large, and the middle reaches are shrinking gradually. The main reason lies in the uncoordinated development of decomposition indicators, especially the scale efficiency.(3)From the perspective of influencing factors, tourism economic development level, the specialization degree of tourism industry, urbanization level and energy consumption level have a significant positive impact on the efficiency of tourism industry under the constraints of carbon emissions, among which the specialization degree of tourism industry and urbanization level has greater impact. However, the level of industrial capital and transportation development is not conducive to the improvement of tourism industry efficiency under the constraints of carbon emissions.