论清以前书院的文学教育

On the Education of Literaturein Pre-Qing Shuyuan Book Colleges

以中国书院发展史为背景,从文学视角关注清以前的书院和文学的互动,可发现书院和文学从书院创立之初就有密切关系。唐五代进士科考诗文直接孕育书院文学教育的萌芽,宋代语录体的出现与科举关系的日益密切昭示着书院文学教育因素的持续发酵,明代书院歌诗的兴盛对应着书院文学教育的进一步平民化。总体来看,书院文学教育的发展历程顺应了传统教育"下行"、受教育对象阶层扩大、时代流行文体多样化文学普及的潮流,紧密结合了科举文学和俗文学两个因素,取得了较有特色的成果。

With the history of development for the shuyuan book colleges in China as the background and by focusing on the interaction of the pre-Qing colleges and literature from a literary point of view,it can be observed that the book colleges,from their inception,had had a close relationship with literature.The period of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms and the imperial competitive examination involving poetry and prose directly gave birth to the education of literature in the book colleges;the appearance of quotation style and its close relationship to the imperial examination testified to the continuing fermentation of elements of literary education based on the book colleges,and the rise of book-college-based songs and poems responded to the further popularisation of literary education in the book colleges.Generally speaking,the developmental process of book-college-based literary education complied with the trends in which traditional education moved downwards,the receiving end of education was expanding,the literary styles of the age were diversified and popularized and closely combined the factors of imperial-examination literature and pop literature,achieving special results.