大气生物气溶胶的源排放与源解析研究进展

Review on Source Emission and Source Identification of Bioaerosols in the Atmosphere

2019年新冠肺炎(COVID-19)的全球爆发引起了公众对生物气溶胶的广泛关注。生物气溶胶是大气气溶胶的重要组成部分。生物气溶胶由于具有普通气溶胶的理化性质和本身特有的生物学特性,在全球生态系统、气候变化、空气质量和公共卫生等领域均扮演十分重要的角色。然而,目前学术界对生物气溶胶的研究主要集中在采样监测、消杀防护以及其环境与健康效应等方面,关于源特性研究相对滞后。基于此,聚焦大气中微生物的来源现状,综述了最近20年来生物气溶胶的自然源和人为源排放特性研究进展,并阐述了影响源排放和输送过程的主要因素(如生物地理区域、土地利用类型和环境因素等),探讨了当前生物气溶胶的各种源解析方法。最后,给出了生物气溶胶来源下一步的研究展望,以期为深入理解生物气溶胶的来源、输送与变化机理,更好地评估大气微生物污染水平与监控病原体的气溶胶传播提供参考。

Recent pandemic outbreak of the corona-virus disease 2019(COVID-19)has raised widespread concerns about the importance of the bioaerosols.Bioaerosols are an important part of atmospheric aerosols.Due to its physico-chemical properties and inherent biological characteristics,bioaerosols play a key role in global ecosystem,climate change,air quality and public health.A large number of studies have been focused on the sampling and detection techniques of bioaerosols,disinfection protection,effects on health and environment.However,little is known about the source characteristics of bioaerosols.Therefore,the research status of airborne microbes source was focused,and the progress on the emission characteristics of natural and anthropogenic source of bioaerosols in the past 20 years was comprehensively summarized.Combined with our study,the main factors affecting the source emission and transport process were also highlighted,such as biogeographic regions,land-use types,and environmental factors.Subsequently,the various source analysis methods of current bioaerosols were discussed.Finally,the future work prospects of bioaerosols source characteristics were prospected.It is expected to provide reference for in-depth understanding of the source and transmission change mechanism of bioaerosols,and to better evaluate the level of atmospheric microbial pollution and monitor the aerosol transmission of pathogens.