论垄断行为分析模式的配置逻辑

The Logic of Configuring Modes of Analysis for Monopolistic Conducts

市场经济的基本逻辑要求凡干预均须证成。反垄断法证成其干预措施的内置机制是为垄断行为设定竞争损害要件,此要件的证明方式即垄断行为的分析模式,它是反垄断法适用和规则发展的核心环节。垄断行为分析采用合理原则的总体理念,但它可具体化为不同的形态,形成一个由多种具体分析模式组成的系谱。为垄断行为配置分析模式时应以合理原则为基础模式,并针对行为类型、竞争损害类型进行量身定制;综合考量多重因素,但以竞争效果为根本考量;谨慎设置强干预性分析模式,尤其是只有明显损害竞争的行为才可设置本身违法原则。设置分析模式时应以市场经济体制为制度前提,为市场主体保留充分的行为自由空间;以充分的司法经验为认识论前提,保持谨慎的态度;可操作性虽为一个重要考量,但其本身不足以证成设置强干预性分析模式。我国反垄断实践中,对于三类经济垄断行为配置分析模式时均存在过于随意、粗糙、贴合度差等问题。

The fundamental logic of market economy mandates that any intervention in the market must be justified. The built-in mechanism for antitrust law to justify its intervention is the requisite element of competitive harm for monopolistic conducts. Methods of proving this element are modes of analysis for monopolistic conducts, which is the essential task for both the application and rule-development of antitrust laws. Analysis of monopolistic conducts is proceeded with the overall method of rule of reason. This rule of reason takes different specific shapes which form a spectrum consisted of many specific modes of analysis. The rule of reason shall be the default mode and be tailored to specific categories of conducts and competitive harms;competitive effects shall be the basic consideration and balanced with multiple factors;and harsher interventive modes shall be used judiciously, with the rule of per se illegality reserved for manifestly anticompetitive practices. In configuring modes of analysis for monopolistic conducts, we shall take the market economy system as the default institutional settings, preserving sufficient space for market participants’ autonomy;and take sufficient judicial experience as the epistemological basis, approaching prudentially. Administrability is an important consideration, but does not suffice by itself to justify strong interventive modes of analysis. In China’s antitrust practice, as for the three categories of economic monopolistic conducts, there are problems of deploying modes of analysis excessively casually and roughly, lacking sufficient fitness.