构建牙科种植体抗摩擦磨损表面微结构的可行性分析

The analysis of constructing surface microstructure of dental implants with anti-friction and wear resistance

钛及钛合金由于具有良好的生物相容性和机械性能,是目前商品化牙科种植体的首选基材。然而其表面极易生成氧化膜,该膜机械强度不足,受力易剥脱,使得表层材料容易发生摩擦磨损。为克服这一问题目前所有品牌种植体的表面都进行了大颗粒酸蚀喷砂或阳极氧化等处理,以形成更加稳定的且易于成骨细胞附着的表面。但仍有临床研究发现,种植体在植入过程或开始负载时与牙槽骨的接触表面会发生相对位移或微动,从而产生摩擦行为,使得表层材料发生剥脱产生磨损颗粒,这可能会引发局部炎症甚至影响骨结合。一些学者对种植体表面进行了抗摩擦磨损研究,且实验证实有效。本文结合摩擦学的相关机理,对这些抗摩擦磨损的表面处理方式和微结构构建方法进行了讨论分析,并试图提出更优的种植体表面抗摩擦磨损设计的可能。

Titanium and titanium alloys are the first choice for the manufacture of commercial dental implants because of their good biocompatibility and mechanical properties.However,an oxide layer is easily formed on the surface of titanium,the mechanical strength of the layer is unstable and easy to peel off under stress,which make the surface materials prone to friction and wear.In order to solve this problem,the implant surface of all brands has been treated with sandblasting and acid etching or anodic oxidation to create a more stable surface and easy for osteoblast attachment.However,according to several clinical studies,relative movement and fretting of bone-implant-contact surface may happen during implant placement and loading,causing the surface material to peel off and produce wear particles,which may result in local inflammation,or even failure of osseointegration.Some scholars have studied anti-friction and wear resistance designs on the surface of the dental implants,and proved to be effective.In this paper,based on the tribological mechanism,the methods of surface treatment and microstructure construction of these friction-resistant implants are discussed and analyzed,and the possibility of better design is proposed.