海商法视角下对CMI无人船调查问卷的思考

Reflections on the CMI Questionnaire on Unmanned Ships from the Perspective of the Maritime Law

为解决无人船适用海商法存在的问题,促进我国无人船海上运输产业的健康可持续发展,文章从法理的角度阐释国际海事委员会无人船调查问卷中无人船的法律地位、船长和船员的认定以及无人船的碰撞责任,提出无人船适用海商法存在不确定性风险;在海商法领域,无人船的法律地位认定、船长和船员的识别以及船舶碰撞责任的适用仍存在问题,解决上述问题的有效路径是明确无人船的法律地位、将岸基控制人员识别为船员、采用过错责任原则认定无人船的碰撞责任以及合理分配船东与生产者之间的碰撞责任,以合理规避无人船的风险。

In order to solve the problems of unmanned ships in the application of maritime law,and promote the healthy and sustainable development of maritime transport industry with unmanned ship,this paper explained the legal status of unmanned ships,the determination and identification of captains and the crew,and the collision liability of unmanned ships in the questionnaire of international maritime commission from the perspective of legal theory,and pointed out the uncertainty risk in the application of maritime law to unmanned ships.In the field of maritime law,there are still problems in the determination of the legal status of unmanned ships,the identification of captains and crews,and the application of ship collision liability.The effective way to solve the above problems is to clarify the legal status of unmanned ships and identify shore-based operators as seafarers,use the principle of fault liability to determine the collision liability of the unmanned ship and reasonably allocate the collision liability between the ship-owner and the producer,so as to reasonably avoid the risk of the unmanned ship.