海洋命运共同体视阈下航行自由制度的演进

The Development of Freedom of Navigation System from the Perspective of Maritime Community with a Shared Future

航行自由从国际习惯法发展为国际海洋法律制度经历了漫长的时间,古罗马时期海洋自由思想萌芽初起,格劳秀斯的《海洋自由论》则为海洋自由思想的发展提供了孕育的摇篮。随着海上贸易的增加,各国对海洋权利的诉求不再满足于简单的海上航行,于是航行自由权逐渐成为各国海上权利争夺的焦点。《联合国海洋法公约》的诞生,为航行自由权的行使提供了制度基础和规范指引,但是仍然无法止歇关于航行自由的争议。在当今"海洋命运共同体"的理念下,探讨海洋航行自由的历史经纬和发展趋势对于航行自由制度的维护尤为重要。

Freedom of navigation has experienced a long time from the development of international customary law to the international maritime legal system.The idea of maritime freedom sprouted in ancient Rome,and Maritime Freedom written by Grotius’provided a cradle for the development of the idea of maritime freedom.With maritime trade increasing,countries’demands for maritime rights are no longer satisfied with simple maritime navigation,so freedom of navigation has gradually become the focus of maritime rights.The birth of the United Nations Convention on the law of the sea provides the institutional basis and normative guidance for the exercise of freedom of navigation,but it is still unable to stop the dispute.Therefore,under the concept of"Maritime Community with a Shared Future",it is particularly important to discuss the historical fabric and development trend of freedom of navigation for the maintenance of freedom of navigation system.