基于GIS的西藏非物质文化遗产地理空间分布及影响因素研究

Research on the Geographical Spatial Distribution and Influencing Factors of Tibetan Intangible Cultural Heritage Based on GIS

以西藏非物质文化遗产项目作为样本,运用ArcGIS10.2空间信息分析工具对西藏非物质文化遗产的空间分布特征及影响因素开展研究,结果显示:西藏非物质文化遗产以传统技艺、传统舞蹈、民俗的数量较多,曲艺、传统戏剧、传统体育、游艺与杂技以及民间文学的数量较少,非物质文化遗产整体呈现集聚分布的特点,总体空间分布密度显示其以拉萨市为中心向外围扩散,分布格局主要体现为“东南密集,西北稀疏”;在市域的数量分布以拉萨市、山南市、日喀则市较多,昌都市以及阿里地区较少,点密度分布呈现出层级分明的特点;从类型的空间分布上看,传统技艺、传统美术、传统舞蹈以及民俗空间分布较为均衡,传统体育、游艺与杂技、传统戏剧、传统医药、传统音乐、民间文学以及曲艺呈现出集聚型的分布态势。此空间分布格局受到地形因素、水文因素、民族分布、交通区位、历史文化以及人口经济因素的共同影响。

Taking the Tibetan intangible cultural heritage project as a sample,and using ArcGIS 10.2 spatial information analysis tools to study the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of Tibetan nonmaterial heritage,the results show that:Tibetan nonmaterial heritage has a large number of traditional skills,traditional dances,and folk customs.The number of quyi,traditional drama,traditional sports,entertainment and acrobatics and folk literature is relatively small.The nonmaterial legacy as a whole shows the characteristics of agglomeration and distribution.The overall spatial distribution density shows that it spreads from the center of Lhasa to the periphery,and the distribution pattern is mainly reflected as“Dense in the southeast and sparse in the northwest”;the quantity distribution in the city area is more in Lhasa,Shannan,and Xigaze,but in Changcheng and Ali areas,the point density distribution shows a distinct level;from the perspective of spatial distribution of types,traditional skills,traditional fine arts,traditional dances and folklore are well distributed in space.Traditional sports,amusement and acrobatics,traditional drama,traditional medicine,traditional music,folk literature and quyi show a concentrated distribution.This spatial distribution pattern is jointly affected by topographical factors,hydrological factors,ethnic distribution,transportation location,historical culture,and population and economic factors.