我国涉野生动物犯罪适用严格责任论析

Feasibility of the Application of Strict Liability in the Wildlife-Related Crimes

目前,涉野生动物犯罪是应该适用严格责任,还是适用过错责任,仍是一个有争议的课题,本文从犯罪经济学角度,通过构建社会总成本模型,探讨严格责任原则适用于涉野生动物犯罪的可行性。严格责任比过错责任更具威慑力,但其也存在缩小执法空间、增加司法成本和导致企业外流等缺陷。本文认为,采取严格责任原则虽然增加了犯罪惩罚的概率和刑罚严厉性程度,有效遏制了犯罪,但会导致社会总成本大大增加。因此,我国目前仍应适用过错责任原则,有条件时可以适当引用严格责任因素。

It is controversial to decide whether strict liability or fault liability should be applied to wildlife-related crimes.This article builds a total social cost model to explore the feasibility of applying strict liability to wildlife-related crimes from the perspective of criminal economics.Strict liability is more deterrent than fault liability,but it may limit enforcement discretion,increase judicial cost,and lead enterprises to move to other countries or regions.This article considers wildlife-related crimes from the perspective of criminal economics and argues that the adoption of strict liability can effectively restrict wildlife-related crimes by increasing the scope and severity of punishment,but it will lead to a significant increase of the total social cost.Therefore,it is recommended that China should currently apply fault liability,and strict liability can be applied when conditions permit.