“连带”与“脱亚”的共谋——近代早期日本“亚细亚主义”悖论性格之新探

The Complicity of“Joint”and“Out of Asia”——A new exploration of the paradoxical character of“Asianism”in early modern Japan

探究近代日本早期“亚细亚主义”的发展脉络不仅能捕捉日本的对外制策趋势和舆论导向,还有助于理解作为亚洲一国的日本何以坚持对东亚乃至世界发动法西斯主义侵略战争。千百年来,对华夷秩序“中心”的反叛与对抗几乎贯穿了身处区域秩序边缘的日本的所有对外政策,地处华夷秩序版图的“边缘”使得日本具有将大陆“中心”相对化并克服的可能,而这也是造成早期亚细亚主义悖论表述的深层历史原因。幕末明治初期,西力东渐给日本摧毁旧华夷秩序的机会,此时“亚细亚主义”指向亚洲内部,日本表面宣扬“亚洲连带”一致对外,私下却迅速“西化”并染指东亚,并在实现对清平等后逐步由“亚洲连带论”走向公然侵亚的“脱亚论”。两者间看似言论相斥,实乃侵略扩张的一体两面,“连带”与“脱亚”的正反表述在甲午胜出的事实面前划为同一。

Exploring the development of"asianism"in early modern Japan can not only capture the trend of Japan's foreign policy and public opinion direction,but also help to understand why Japan,as an Asian country,persisted in launching fascist aggression war against east Asia and even the world.For thousands of years,the rebellion and confrontation against the"center"of the Chinese-barbarian system have almost run through all the foreign policies of Japan,which is on the edge of the regional order.Being located on the"edge"of the Chinese-barbarian system makes it possible for Japan to relativize and overcome the"center"of the mainland,which is also the deep historical reason for the expression of the paradox of early asianism.In the early Meiji period,western powers gradually gave Japan the opportunity to destroy the old Chinese-barbarian system.At this time,"asianism"was pointed at the inside of Asia.Japan outwardly advocated"Asian joint",but secretly quickly"westernized"and got its hands on east Asia.They seem to be mutually exclusive,but they are the two sides of aggression and expansion.The positive and negative statements of"joint"and"out of aisa"are the same in front of the fact that they won in the Sino-Japanese war of 1894-1895.