我国高职分类考试招生: 价值意蕴、问题表征与改革路径

Classified Examination for Higher Vocational College Enrollment:Value Implication,Problem Representation and Reform Path

我国高职院校招生分类考试改革先后经历了从“制度类型化”到“类型制度化”的过程,呈现出效率导向的基本特征。在效率导向下,能力本位评价成为高职分类考试改革的关键特征与核心内容。然而,当前我国各地高职分类考试所实施的能力本位评价仍处于低质量的水平,如评价内容的碎片化、评价实施的离散性、评价结果的孤岛化和评价影响的阻滞性,低质量的能力本位评价与分类考试的类型地位确立之间形成了内卷化的改革桎梏,导致考试的信效度受到影响,进而影响其作为评价方式的权威性和外部认可度,破坏了其作为一种高考形式存在的合法性。因此,应将能力标准体系建设作为高职分类考试改革的基础性工程,构建“中职学业水平考试+统一职教高考”的双阶段能力本位评价模式,进一步强化高职分类考试成绩的价值尺度和流通功能。

Classified examination for higher vocational college enrollment in China has experienced the process from“type of institution”to“institutionalization of type”,showing the basic characteristics of efficiency orientation.Under the efficiency orientation,competence-based evaluation becomes the core character and content of reform of college entrance examination for higher vocational education.However,currently the competency-based evaluation in China’s classified examinations is still at a low quality level,such as the fragmentation of evaluation content,the discreteness of evaluation implementation,the isolation of evaluation results and the retardation of evaluation influence.There is a reform shackle of internalization between the low-quality competency-based evaluation and the establishment of the type status of classified examination,which affects the reliability and validity of the examination itself,further affects its authority and external recognition as an evaluation method,and destroys its existence legitimacy as a kind of college entrance examination.Therefore,we should take competency development as the basic project of reform of college entrance examination for higher vocational education,build a two-stage competence-based evaluation model of“academic level test+unified vocational college entrance examination”,and further strengthen the value scale and circulation function of classified examination results.