宁夏地区玉米镰孢茎腐病病原菌的分离与鉴定

Isolation and Identification of Pathogens of Maize Fusarium Stalk Rot in Ningxia

为明确宁夏地区玉米镰孢茎腐病病原菌的种类及优势病原菌,本研究于2020年采集宁夏地区玉米(Zea mays L.)茎腐病样品36份,对所采集样品进行组织学分离、纯化和单孢分离,参照Nelson等分类系统进行形态学鉴定,并结合镰孢菌特异性引物EF-1α进行序列分析。本研究共获得209株镰孢菌,包括禾谷镰孢复合种(Fusarium graminearum species complex)、拟轮枝镰孢(F.verticillioides)、木贼镰孢(F.equiseti)、层出镰孢(F.proliferatum)、胶孢镰孢(F.subglutinans)、半裸镰孢(F.incarnatum)、锐顶镰孢(F.acuminatum.)、黄色镰孢(F.culmorum)和燕麦镰孢(F.avenaceum),其分离频率依次为28.2%,23.9%,20.1%,8.1%,7.2%,6.7%,2.9%,1.9%和1.0%。其中,禾谷镰孢复合种在宁夏5市均有分布,且致病性强,为宁夏地区玉米镰孢茎腐病优势致病菌。

In order to clarify the species diversity and dominant species of Fusarium causing maize stalk rot in Ningxia,in 2020,36 samples of maize stalk rot in Ningxia were collected.After tissue isolation,purification,and single-spore isolation,the obtained isolates were morphologically identified following Nelson and other classification systems,and molecularly determined according to their EF-1α sequences.The results showed that a total of 209 strains of Fusarium were obtained,including Fusarium graminearum species complex,F.verticillioides,F.equiseti,F.proliferatum,F.subglutinans,F.incarnatum,F.acuminatum,F.culmorum and F.avenaceum,whose isolation frequencies were 28.2%,23.9%,20.1%,8.1%,7.2%,6.7%,2.9%,1.9% and 1.0% respectively.Among them,F.graminearum species complex was distributed in all the five cities of Ningxia,and its pathogenicity was strong,so it was the dominant pathogen of maize stalk rot in Ningxia.