推动核心价值教育:反极端化背景下英国中小学管理及其局限

Promoting Fundamental British Values: Schools Governingin the United Kingdom Against the Counter-Radicalization Backgrounds

恐怖威胁越来越多地源自国内极端化分子的现实突出了反极端化为主的防范在整个反恐努力中的重要地位,对极端化的外生性和中小学生面临极端化的脆弱性认识又凸显了中小学教育在反极端化工作中的相关性和意义。因为自由主义传统的缺陷,英国部分学校面临严峻的极端化风险。通过议会立法,2015年7月之后,英国政府要求包括中小学在内的所有面向公众的公共机构承担防范极端化的义务。与此同时,作为应对极端化的重要手段,政府提炼出了英国核心价值,并要求各类学校积极推进宣传和教育。这些价值包括民主、法治、个人自由、相互尊重、包容不同信仰和信念等。核心价值的核心性主要体现在框架性和评价性两个方面。具体推进过程中,学校需要重视学生内化核心价值的效果和利用核心价值抵御极端化的能力。中小学通过具体推进英国核心价值教育,宣传极端化的危险,提高了关于孩子精神脆弱性的认识,同时更加明确了学校在孩子精神健康方面的责任,并加强了监管力度。但是英国核心价值整体内容缺少新颖性,教育落实过程也继续遭遇英国教育监管难的问题。

The fact that more and more terrorists turned out to be homegrown radicals has lent increasing importance to the counter-radicalization,and an exogenous understanding of radicalism and the growing recognition of children,s vulnerability in the face of radicalism highlight the relevance of schools.Due to the defect in the liberal tradition,some British schools are believed to be at high risk of radicalization.Since July,2015,it has been laid down as a statutory duty to prevent radicalism for British schools and others public institutes broadly engaging the society.In conformity with the requirements of the government,schools have been promoting the fundamental British values,including democracy,individual liberty,the rule of law and respect for people of different backgrounds and religions.These efforts have demonstrated positive results but were emasculated by structural limits.