东盟协调性主导与东南亚灾害管理合作实践

ASEAN's Coordinating Leading and Southeast-Asian Disaster Management Cooperation Practice

印度洋海啸之后,东南亚逐步建立起以东盟为中心的区域灾害管理合作机制,但在多边机制之外也不乏成员国之间或成员国与区域外行为体的双边合作,因此有观点质疑东盟的作用和多边机制的有效性。本文试图分析东南亚灾害管理合作的多元多重机制,探究东盟的角色和作用。在反思既有规范研究并借鉴国际实践理论的基础上,本文提出在缺乏规范认同的情况下,务实合作可以为规范平衡提供可能性和过程动力。东盟发挥知识资源和关系网络优势,在不同规范之间进行策略性平衡,通过实践层面的灵活应对来缓和规范竞争,在区域灾害管理合作中扮演协调性主导者角色。而过程主导模式使东南亚灾害管理合作呈现出一种多元多重的地区架构。在缅甸风灾和台风“海燕”这两个标志性案例中,东盟运用软性权力弥合分歧、协调斡旋,切实主导和促进了区域灾害管理合作。

After the Indian Ocean tsunami,Southeast Asia has gradually established a regional disaster management cooperation mechanism characterized by ASEAN centrality.But there is also bilateral cooperation between member states or between member states and extra-regional actors outside multilateral mechanisms.Therefore,some people question the role of ASEAN and the effectiveness of multilateral mechanism.This paper attempts to analyze the multiple mechanisms of disaster management cooperation in Southeast Asia and explore the role and function of ASEAN.Reflecting on existing normative research and drawing on international practice theory,this paper argues that in the absence of normative recognition,pragmatic cooperation provides the possibility and process dynamic for norm balance.ASEAN takes advantage of knowledge resources and network of relationships to carry out strategic balance among competing norms.ASEAN mitigates norm competition through flexible response at the practical level,playing a coordinating leading role in regional disaster management cooperation.The process-oriented model makes Southeast Asia disaster management cooperation present a pluralistic and multiple regional framework,not in contradiction with the leading role of ASEAN.This paper examines the two landmark cases of the Myanmar Cyclone and Typhoon Haiyan,illustrating how ASEAN has used its soft power to bridge differences,coordinate action and promote regional cooperation in disaster management.