“反殖”与“殖民”:中国本土化南洋观和“殖民”话语建构——暨南大学的南洋书写(1927—1937)

The Construction of Anti-colonial Discourse and Colonial Discourse-Nanyang Writing and Concept Building in Chi-Nan University (1927-1937)

近代中国开始向现代国家转型,国家目标也随之“外倾”,国人对“南洋”的认知与关注,既基于“到南洋去”的向外发展诉求,也跟华侨在南洋的移民事业及其被殖民的命运有关,由此形成的南洋观可视为华侨观的外显,蕴含着强烈的民族主义色彩与中国本位意识,背后更离不开中国社会尤其是知识阶层的南洋书写与南洋观塑造的努力。“华侨最高学府”国立暨南大学堪称代表,其以独具特色的南洋、华侨研究努力形塑国人的南洋观:一方面,关注南洋华侨的现实命运,具有强烈的反殖诉求;另一方面,尝试建构本土化的“殖民”话语,为国人向南洋发展提供学理支撑。以“反殖”与“殖民”话语建构为中心的观念阐释体系,看似矛盾对立却相反相成,尤其“殖民”南洋的话语建构与西方“殖民”南洋的观念迥异,颇可反映国人南洋观塑造的复杂面相。

Since modern times,the Chinese people s cognition and concern about“Nanyang”was mainly based on the development of overseas Chinese and the fate of overseas Chinese being colonized.It was also related to the development of overseas immigrants to“go to Nanyang”.Its Nanyang view contained a strong nationalist color and a Chinese-based consciousness,highlighting the strong“extroversion”of the goals of modern countries.It was inseparable from the common model of the government of the motherland,society and overseas Chinese.Among them,the role of the“highest university of overseas Chinese”—National Chi-Nan University was particularly important.The school has set up a special research institution to gather professional scholars,and to use the unique Nanyang and overseas Chinese research efforts to shape the Nanyang view of the Chinese people.It not only paid attention to the actual destiny of overseas Chinese in Nanyang,but also has a strong anti-colony appeal and practice.At the same time,it also attempted to construct a localized“colonial”discourse to provide academic support for the development of overseas Chinese.The realistic concern of anti-colonization and the interpretation of the concept of“colonialism”seem to be contradictory,but contrary to each other,reflecting the rich connotation of the Nanyang view of the Chinese people,presenting a face that is quite different from the“colonial”Nanyang concept and practice of Western imperialist countries.