改良运动损伤预防方案在前交叉韧带损伤预防中的应用

Application of improved prevention injury and enhance performance injury prevention programme in anteriorcruciate ligament injury prevention

目的:分析优秀女橄榄球运动员(女橄)侧切跑中,下肢运动学和动力学特征,使用改良的运动损伤预防方案对女橄运动员ACL损伤进行预防性干预并评价其效果。方法:优秀女运动员14例,随机分为实验组(REF)与对照组(CON),每组7例,实验组进行12周的康复训练,对照组不干预。采集侧切跑生物力学数据和SEMG数据。结果:①着地时刻、峰值时刻指标:REF组髋关节屈曲峰角度、力矩大于CON组(P<0.05),膝关节外翻角度小于CON组(P<0.05)。②REF组峰F以及矢状面峰F均小于CON组,两者存在显著差异(P<0.05)。③F以及矢状面F的峰值出现在侧切跑动作的支撑阶段早期(<30%)。结论:①侧切跑动作的支撑阶段,落地时刻与峰值时刻的髋关节屈曲角度、力矩,膝关节外翻角度、力矩是导致ACL损伤重要风险因素。②侧切跑动作的支撑阶段早期(<30%)是女橄运动员ACL损伤的高发阶段。③运动损伤预防方案结合平衡能力训练可有效改善女橄运动员下肢生物力学指标,降低ACL受力,减少损伤发生。

Objective:To identify the biomechanics characteristics of rugby player when side-cutting and analysis the injury mechanism of the knee for female rugby players.To evaluate the effect of improved prevention injury programme on female rugby players with anteriorcruciate ligament(ACL)injury.Method:Totally 14 elite female athletes were divided into control group(CON)and rehabilitation group(REF),7 athletes in each group.The REF group was given 12-week rehabilitation training,while no intervention for CON group.Qualisys motion capture system was used to collect the biomechanical data and sEMG data.Result:①The REF group had the greater peak hip flexion angles and moment when compared with the group CON(P<0.05).However,the knee valgus angle of REF group was smaller than that of the CON group(P<0.05).②The peak F and sagittal F of REF group were lower than those of CON group with significant difference(P<0.05).③The peak F and sagittal F appeared at the early stage of the supporting stage(<30%).Conclusion:①The hip flexion angle and moment of and knee valgus angle and moment are the important risk factors for the ACL injury when side-cutting.②At the early stage of the supporting stage(<30%),the ACL injury incidence is high for female rugby players.③PEP injury prevention programs combined with balance training can effectively improve biomechanical indexes of lower limb,lower the ACL stress and reduce the change of injury for the female rugby athletes.