农村养老院老人医养结合服务需求现状及影响因素分析

Analyzing the Status of Demand for The Combination of Medical and Nursing Services for The Elderly in Rural Nursing Homes and Its Influencing Factors

目的了解农村养老院老人的医养结合服务需求,并分析其影响因素,为采取针对性干预措施提供科学依据。方法采用自行设计并经过信效度检验的《农村养老院老人医养结合服务需求问卷》,便利选取河南省部分地区农村养老院470名老人进行问卷调查。结果农村养老院老人医养结合服务需求总得分为(111.18±13.06)分,平均得分为(3.97±0.47)分,处于较高水平,其中各维度平均得分为:精神文化娱乐(4.75±0.38)、健康指导服务(4.09±0.52)、日常生活照料(3.93±0.69)、医疗康复护理(3.74±0.56)、后勤保障服务(3.73±0.77),多元回归分析结果得自理情况、经济来源、每月医疗费用、每月养老费用、入住时长是影响农村养老院老人医养结合需求的因素(P<0.05)。结论农村养老院老人医养结合服务需求较大,尤其在精神文化娱乐及健康指导服务方面,亟待整合多方优质医疗资源、建立家庭社会支持网络等,以全面推行农村医养结合。

Objective To analyze the demand for the combination of medical and nursing services for the elderly in rural nursing homes and its influencing factors, and provide scientific basis for targeted intervention. Methods A total of 470 elderly people were selected from rural nursing homes of Henan Province with convenience sampling method, and surveyed with self-made questionnaire of "Medical-Nursing Combined Service Needs of the Elderly Living in Rural Nursing Homes". Results The total score of demand for combination of medical and nursing services for elderly in rural nursing homes was(111.18±13.06), and the average score was(3.97±0.47), which was at a relatively high level. In which the average score for each dimension was as follows: needs of spiritual culture and entertainment(4.75±0.38), needs of health guidance service(4.09±0.52), needs of daily care(3.93±0.69), needs of medical rehabilitation care(3.74±0.56), and needs of logistics support services(3.73±0.77). The results of multiple regression showed that self-care, main economic sources, monthly medical expenses, monthly pension costs and duration were the factors to influence their needs(P <0.05). Conclusion The elderly in rural nursing homes had greater demand for combination of medical and nursing services, especially in health guidance, spiritual culture and entertainment services. It is urgent to integrate multiple high-quality medical resources and establish a family social support network.