我国新冠肺炎疫情治理模式及特征

Model and characteristics of China’s COVID-19 epidemic governance

新冠肺炎疫情的大流行对全球公共卫生安全提出了严峻的考验。中国在应对疫情的实践中,采取了“全政府、全社会”行动,取得了疫情防控的积极效果。文章从系统论的角度分析归纳了公共卫生应急治理的“中国模式”。该模式包括外部治理和内部治理两个系统,表现为六个特征:集中领导的权威性、“全政府”行动的协调性、“全社会”参与的主动性、监督与问责的强力约束性、防控措施的科学精准性、信息公布的透明性等。在全球公共卫生安全的复杂形势下,中国外防输入、内防反弹的任务形式依然严峻,建议优先完善以下四个方面:加强适应性公共卫生人力的培养与储备;贯彻系统观,建立联防联控与群防群控的长效机制;建立社会组织参与公共卫生应急治理的激励机制;强化中国在全球公共卫生应急治理中的大国作用。

The COVID-19 pandemic constitutes one of the greatest challenges to the global public health security.China’s response to the epidemic through"whole-of-government and whole-of-society actions"has yielded positive results.This paper summarizes China’s model of public health emergency governance from a system theory perspective.It includes two systems,including external governance and internal governance.The characteristics of China’s model include the authority of centralized leadership system,coordination of"whole-of-government"actions,initiative of"whole-of-society"actions,strong supervision and adherence to the principle of accountability,scientific and accurate prevention and control measures,and transparent information disclosure.In the face of the complex situation of global public health security,the following four aspects are recommended to optimize China’s model,including to strengthen the training and reserve of the adaptive public health manpower,to establish the long-term mechanism of joint and group prevention and control mechanism,to establish the incentive mechanism to engage social organizations in public health emergency governance,and to strengthen China’s role as a major power in global public health emergency governance.