海岛城市伤害患者院前医疗急救流行病学特征分析

Analysis of epidemiological characteristics of pre hospital medical first aid for injured patients in island cities

目的了解2017—2019年海岛城市伤害患者院前医疗急救流行病学特征。方法采用回顾性调查分析方法,以2017年1月1日—2019年12月31日浙江省舟山市急救指挥中心受理的伤害患者为调查对象,把伤害类型、损伤部位、人群分布特征和时间分布特征等作为调查指标,对调查结果进行统计分析。结果2017—2019年浙江省舟山市急救指挥中心受理的12516例伤害求救患者中,男女比例为1.51∶1,男女分年龄组构成比差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=575.83,P<0.05),最主要的年龄分布范围是30~<60岁,占64.92%。每年以6—10月为高发月份,每天出现3个高峰阶段分别在07∶00—08∶59、13∶00—14∶59、17∶00—18∶59。伤害病例中交通事故占比最大,占57.02%;伤害发生部位以头面部及四肢为主,主要发生在公路/街道和工作场所,69.33%为轻度伤者。结论积极提高全民伤害现场急救知识普及率,不断完善海岛旅游城市院前医疗急救体系建设,合理布局急救点,最大程度缩短急救半径,确保院前医疗急救快速反应,是伤害患者院前医疗急救成功的重要保障因素。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of prehospital medical emergency treatment for injured patients in island cities from 2017 to 2019.Methods Using the method of retrospective investigation and analysis,taking the injured patients accepted by Zhoushan Ambulance Center,Zhejiang Province from January 1,2017 to December 31,2019 were regarded as the investigation objects,taking the injury type,injury location,population distribution characteristics and time distribution characteristics as the investigation indexes,the investigation results were statistically analyzed.Result From 2017 to 2019,the proportion of men and women was 1.51∶1 in 12516 cases of injuries in Zhoushan Emergency Command Center of Zhejiang Province.There was a statistically significant difference in the age group composition of men and women(χ^(2)=575.83,P<0.05).The main age distribution range was 30~<60 years old,accounting for 64.92%.Every year,June to October was the high incidence month,and there were three peak periods in each day:07∶00—08∶59,13∶00—14∶59,and 17∶00—18∶59.Traffic accidents accounted for57.02%of the cases of injuries,and the main parts of injuries were head,face and limbs,mainly occurred in roads/streets and workplaces,and 69.33%of them were mild injuries.Conclusion It is an important guarantee factor for the success of prehospital medical first aid for the injured patients to actively improve the popularization rate of first aid knowledge of the whole people,constantly improve the construction of prehospital medical first aid system in island tourism cities,reasonably arrange first aid points,shorten the radius of first aid to the greatest extent,and ensure the rapid response of prehospital medical first aid.