北京60岁以上心房颤动患者流感疫苗知信行调查

Attitudes and Practices toward influenza vaccine among patients with atrial fibrillation over 60 years old in Beijing

目的:本研究旨在评估北京市老年心房颤动患者对流感及流感疫苗的认知、态度和行为,探究影响流感疫苗接种的因素,为提高心血管疾病患者(流感高危人群)疫苗接种率提供参考依据。方法:从中国心房颤动注册研究(CAFR)的非瓣膜性心房颤动患者中纳入北京户籍、年龄M60岁患者,通过CAFR数据库收集一般资料,在随访时进行“改良KAP问卷”调查。利用卡方检验分析患者的人口特征与流感及流感疫苗接种“知信行”的相关性。结果:研究共纳入3208例患者,高龄、女性和高学历人群对流感疫苗知识的知晓率达70%~80%(P<0.05),但仅有43.6%〜55.6%的患者知晓流感和心血管疾病的相关性。有2985例(93.1%)患者听说过流感疫苗,对于流感疫苗接种频率、时间和地点的知晓率分别为77.8%、72.0%和86.3%o 92.1%的患者知道北京市政府为60岁以上人群免费接种流感疫苗,年龄70岁及以上患者知晓率明显高于低年龄组(P<0.001)。年龄70岁及以上患者对疫苗安全性、有效性的认同率较高,男性对安全性的认同大于女性(P二0.019)。近1年流感疫苗接种人数933(29.1%)例,70岁及以上、男性、大学及以上学历接种率显著高于其他人群(P<0.05)。结论:北京市老年心房颤动患者对流感和流感疫苗的“知信”程度较高,但接种行为仍处于较低水平。加强流感疫苗接种必要性的患者教育,建立患者对疫苗有效性、安全性的信心,医生建议患者接种疫苗,可能是提高疫苗接种率的有效手段。

Objective:This study aims to access the knowledge,attitudes and practices of influenza and influenza vaccine in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation in Beijing,and to explore the factors affecting influenza vaccination,and to provide reference for improving the vaccination rate of influenza vaccine in cardiovascular disease patients(population with high risk of influenza).Methods:From the non-valvular atrial fibrillation patients of The Chinese Atrial Fibrillation Registry Study(CAFR),patients with Beijing household registration and age M 60 years old were enrolled.The general data were collected through the CAFR database,and the"modified KAP questionnaire"was conducted during follow-up.The chi-square test was used to analyze the correlation between the patient's demographic characteristics and the"knowledge,attitudes and practices"of influenza and influenza vaccine.Results:A total of 3208 patients were included in the study.The awareness rate of influenza vaccine knowledge among the elderly,females,and highly educated populations is relatively high,reaching about 70%-80%(P<0.05).But there is only 43.6%-55.6%patients understand the correlation between influenza and cardiovascular disease.There are 2985(93.1%)patients who had heard of influenza vaccine,and the awareness rates of the frequency,time and location of influenza vaccination were 77.8%,72.0%and 86.3%,respectively.92.1%of patients knew that Beijing government provides free influenza vaccination for people over 60 years old,and the awareness rate of patients over 70 years old was significantly higher than that of the low-age group(P<0.001).Patients aged 70 years and above had a high recognition rate of the safety and effectiveness of the vaccine,and men's recognition of the safety was greater than that of women(P=0.019).In the past year,933 people(29.1%)were vaccinated against influenza,and the vaccination rates were significantly higher among those who were aged 70 years or above,men,college degree and above(P<0.05).Conclusions:The elderly patients with atrial fibrillation in Beijing have a high degree of"knowledge and attitude"about influenza and influenza vaccines,but their vaccination behavior is still at a low level.Strengthening patient education about the necessity of influenza vaccination,building patients'confidence in the effectiveness and safety of vaccines,and recommending patients to receive the vaccine by doctors may be effective ways to increase vaccination rates.