肝细胞癌免疫治疗的研究进展

Research progress of immunotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma

肝细胞癌(HCC)是最常见的消化道恶性肿瘤之一,严重威胁人类健康和寿命。HCC致病因素较多,目前主要治疗方法包括手术切除、动脉化疗栓塞等。但由于发病早期临床表现不典型,临床症状不明显,且影像学检查不易发现,易造成病情延误,确诊时病情多为中晚期,错过手术治疗的最佳时机,只能接受姑息治疗,治疗后复发率及转移率高,导致患者的临床预后不良。近年来随着对肿瘤免疫治疗研究的不断深入,肿瘤免疫治疗受到越来越多的关注,其通过调节人体特异性免疫应答反应,提高免疫系统的自我调节能力,进而实现提高肿瘤治愈率,延长患者生存期的目的。本文主要就免疫检查点抑制剂治疗、过继免疫细胞治疗和肿瘤疫苗等对HCC的免疫疗法研究进展进行综述。

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is one of the most common digestive tract malignant tumors,which seriously threatens human health and life span.There are many pathogenic factors in HCC.At present,the main treatment methods include surgical resection,arterial chemoembolization and so on.However,due to the fact that the early clinical manifestations are not typical,the clinical symptoms are not obvious,and the imaging examination is not easy to find,it is easy to cause the delay of the disease.When the diagnosis is made,the disease is mostly in the middle and late stage,and the best opportunity for surgical treatment is missed,so the patient can only accept palliative treatment.After treatment,the recurrence rate and metastasis rate are high,leading to the poor clinical prognosis of patients.In recent years,with the deepening of the research on tumor immunotherapy,tumor immunotherapy has attracted more and more attention.It can improve the self-regulation ability of the immune system by regulating the human specific immune response,so as to improve the cure rate of tumor and prolong the survival time of patients.This article mainly reviews the advancs in immunotherapy of HCC,including immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy,adoptive immunotherapy and tumor vaccine.