2015-2019年天津市东丽区百日咳流行病学特征

Epidemiological characteristics of pertussis in Dongli District of Tianjin from 2015 to 2019

目的分析天津市东丽区2015-2019年百日咳流行病学特征,为探讨目前百日咳防控策略、改进相关防控工作提供依据。方法收集2015-2019年中国疾病预防控制信息系统及天津市免疫规划信息管理系统中报告的现住址为天津市东丽区的百日咳病例信息,采用Excel 2007软件整理数据,以描述流行病学方法分析数据。结果天津市东丽区2015-2019年共报告百日咳诊断病例196例(实验室诊断77例,临床诊断119例),年平均报告发病率为5.38/10万,各年报告发病率分别为4.19/10万、3.82/10万、4.76/10万、7.12/10万和6.71/10万;1~4月低发;除丰年街外,各街道均有百日咳病例报告;<1岁的病例占53.57%,>10岁的20例病例中90.00%是作为实验室确诊儿童密切接触者被发现的。男女性别比为1.04:1,散居儿童占74.49%。61.23%的病例有免疫史。结论天津市东丽区近年来百日咳发病率呈上升趋势,报告病例主要集中于<1岁年龄组,大年龄组病例数可能被低估,多数病例有至少一剂次免疫史。因此诊断、监测、预防接种等相关防控工作仍有待完善。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of pertussis in Dongli District of Tianjin from 2015 to 2019,so as to provide a basis for discussing the current pertussis prevention and control strategies and improve related prevention and control work.Methods The information of pertussis cases with current address in Dongli District of Tianjin from 2015 to 2019 reported in the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System and the Tianjin Immunization Planning Information Management System were collected.Excel 2007 software was used to sort out the data and the data were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method.Results In total,196 pertussis cases(77 cases were diagnosed in the laboratory and 119 cases were clinically diagnosed) were reported from 2015 to 2019 in Dongli District of Tianjin,for an annual average incidence of 5.38/100 000,the reported incidence rates for each year were 4.19/100 000,3.82/100 000,4.76/100 000,7.12/100 000 and 6.71/100 000;low incidence from January to April;except Fengnian street,all the streets have reported pertussis cases;53.57% of cases were less than 1 year old;90.00% of 20 cases older than 10 years were discovered as the close contacts of laboratory confirmed children.The ratio of male to female was 1.04:1,and 74.49% of them were scattered children.61.23% of the cases had immunization history.Conclusion In recent years,the incidence rate of pertussis had an upward trend in Dongli District of Tianjin,the reported cases were mainly concentrated in the age group under 1 year old,the number of cases in older age groups might be underestimated,most cases had been vaccinated at least once.Therefore,related prevention and control work such as diagnosis,monitoring and vaccination still needed to be improved.