破折号与德里达式的"不可译之译"--以康拉德小说《在西方的注视下》三个中译本为例

Dash and the Derridean Translation of"the Untranslatable":An Investigation Based on the Examples of Three Chinese Translations of Conrad's Under Western Eyes

德里达式解构翻译理论强调"不可译性",而解构理论对于二元对立的消解也意味着"不可译/可译"之二元论模式的消解。"不可译性"既是文学翻译的基本属性,也是评价译文是否忠实于原文的"不是标准的标准"。破折号之类的书写记号典型地传达了语音缺席的隐秘性及"不可译"特征,但"不可译性"恰恰召唤特定语境下冒险翻译的"经济学"度量,使得翻译可能。由康拉德小说《在西方的注视下》三个中译本对待破折号的不同处理态度切入,可以看出翻译主体介入书写秘密的不同状况,从而揭示书写记号与"不可译性"之关联,文学翻译忠实于"不可译性"之必要,以及德里达式"不可译之译"的可行性。

The Derridean Deconstructionist theory of translation puts emphasis on the untranslatability of text, but its relentless deconstruction of the binary oppositions could lead to a deconstruction of the"translatable/untranslatable"division, according to which the untranslatability is not only a fundamental attribute of literary translation, but also a"nonstandard criterion"for evaluating the fidelity of translation to the source text. Marks of writing such as the dashes typically demonstrate this untranslatability due to the absence of voice, but in particular contexts"the untranslatable"calls for an"economic"measure on translation. From the ways of dealing with dashes among three Chinese translations of Conrad’s Under Western Eyes, we can see diverse treatments of"the secret of writing"and different involvements of the translator’s subjectivity. In so doing, we could illuminate the connections between dashes and untranslatability,the necessity of fidelity to the untranslatability of text, and the feasibility of Derridean"translation of the untranslatable".