涉及非体积功的热力学基本方程

Fundamental Equations in Thermodynamics Involving Non-expansion Work

热力学基本方程是物理化学课程中一个重要的知识点。现行物理化学教材中重点阐述了仅含有体积功的热力学基本方程,而对涉及非体积功的热力学基本方程介绍很少。对材料类专业的学生来说,学习和研究材料热力学,经常会涉及到非体积功。因此,学习涉及非体积功的热力学基本方程非常必要。本文重点讨论了涉及非体积功的表面系统、弹性杆、电、磁介质中的热力学基本方程的推导和应用,并总结了处理这类问题的方法。

Fundamental equation in thermodynamics is one of the key points of Physical Chemistry course.In current Physical Chemistry textbooks,the fundamental equations containing only expansionwork are mainly described,while the ones involving non-expansionwork are rarely introduced.For the students majoring in materials,non-expansionwork is often involved in the processes of studyand research.Therefore,it is necessary to study the fundamental equations in involving non-expansion work.The derivations and applications of the fundamental equations in surface systems,elastic rods,electric and magnetic media were discussed.Moreover,the way to deal with this kind of problem was summarized.