基于正交试验不同截面汽车前纵梁特性分析

Characteristic Analysis of Vehicle Front Side Rail with Different Sections Based on Orthogonal Test

前纵梁是汽车发生正面碰撞时重要的能量吸收结构,对汽车碰撞安全和乘员保护具有重要作用。根据前纵梁结构特点,对其进行简化为薄壁梁结构,采用试验分析和模型仿真相结合的方法对矩形截面前纵梁的吸能特性进行对比分析;试验表明模型仿真结果的准确性。以仿真和试验分析结果的结论作为参考依据,选取影响前纵梁吸能特性的材料、厚度、截面形式、引导槽倾角等作为正交试验的4个因素,截面形式为6水平,其他因素为3水平,设计了L18正交试验表,将结构总质量、碰撞过程最大支反力作为约束,单位质量最大支反力作为目标进行不同截面前纵梁对比分析;分析结果可知:试验分析与建模仿真结果曲线的误差在10%以内,表明模型的准确与可靠性;前纵梁的截面形式为十字形、无设计倾角,材料则选择高强钢,厚度为1.6mm时,前纵梁的吸能性能最优,可以作为实际设计的参考。

The front longitudinal beam is an important energy absorption structure in front collision.It plays an important role in crash safety and occupant Protection.According to the structural features of the front longitudinal beam,it is simplified as thin-walled beam.The energy absorption characteristics of the front longitudinal beam with rectangle cross-section are compared and analyzed by combining experimental analysis and model simulation.The experiments show the accuracy of the simulation results.Taking the results of simulation and experimental analysis as reference,selecting material,thickness,section form,guiding groove inclination angle,etc as the four factors of orthogonal test,which affect the energy absorption characteristics of the front longitudinal beam.The cross-section is 6 levels,and the other factors are 3 levels.The L18 orthogonal test table is designed.The total mass of the structure and the maximum reaction force of the collision process are taken as the constraints,and the maximum longitudinal reaction force of the unit mass is used as the target to compare and analyze the longitudinal beam of different sections.The analysis results show that The error between the test analysis and the modeling simulation result curve is within 10%,indicating the accuracy and reliability of the model.The cross-section of the front longitudinal beam is of a cross shape with no design inclination.The material is made of high-strength steel.When the thickness is 1.6mm,the energy absorption performance of the front longitudinal beam is optimal,which can be used as a reference for practical design.