草原生态补奖政策对牧户收入影响及补奖标准评价--基于祁连山北麓肃南县调研数据的研究

Evaluation of the Impact of Grassland Ecological Subsidy Policy on Herding Households’Income and Subsidy Criteria——A Study Based on the Research Data of Sunan County at the Northern Foot of Qilian Mountains

草原生态补奖标准关系到补奖对象的切身利益,影响牧民参与政策的积极性,是政策能否顺利实施的决定性因素.基于2019年对肃南县主要牧业乡镇的问卷调查和实地访谈数据,首先分析草原生态补奖政策对牧户收入的影响,其次运用机会成本法和条件价值法估算草原生态补奖标准.计算结果显示禁牧牧户、草畜平衡牧户、既有禁牧也有草畜平衡草场的混合型牧户的收入均下降,禁牧牧户收入下降最多,混合型牧户收入下降最少,草畜平衡牧户居中.运用机会成本法估算的禁牧补奖标准为40.49元/亩,草畜平衡补奖标准为12.57元/亩.运用条件价值法估算牧户禁牧期望受偿意愿为42.11元/亩,草畜平衡期望受偿意愿为14.41元/亩.结果表明肃南县现行补奖标准偏低,既低于牧户损失的机会成本,也低于牧户心理期望受偿意愿水平.

The grassland ecological bonus standard is related to the immediate interests of the bonus recipients and affects the enthusiasm of herders to participate in the policy,which is a decisive factor for the smooth implementa⁃tion of the policy.Based on the questionnaire survey and field interview data of the main grazing townships in Sunan County in 2019,we firstly analyzed the impact of the grassland ecological bonus policy on the income of herding households,and secondly used the opportunity cost method and the conditional value method to estimate the grassland ecological bonus standard.The calculation results showed that the income of herding households with no grazing,herding households with grass-livestock balance,and mixed herding households with both no grazing and grass-livestock balance pastures all decreased,with the income of herding households with no grazing decreasing the most,mixed herding households decreasing the least,and herding households with grass-livestock balance in the middle.The op⁃portunity cost method was used to estimate the compensation rate for grazing ban at RMB 40.49/mu,and the compen⁃sation rate for grass-livestock balance at RMB 12.57/mu.The expected willingness of herding households to receive compensation for grazing ban using the conditional value method was estimated to be RMB 42.11/mu,and the expect⁃ed willingness of herding households to receive compensation for grass-livestock balance was estimated to be RMB 14.41/mu.The results show that the current compensation standard in Sunan County is low,which is not only lower than the opportunity cost of herders’losses,but also lower than the level of herders’psychological expectation to be com⁃pensated.