农户稀缺感知、超采认知对地下水灌溉用水效率的影响——基于河北地下水超采区457个农户调研数据

Impact of farmers’scarcity perception and overdrawn cognition on efficiency of groundwater irrigation:based on the survey data of 457 farmer households in groundwater overdraft area of Hebei Province

华北地区由地下水超采造成的环境问题日益严重,农业作为主要用水部门,亟须提高灌溉用水效率,减少水资源浪费。本文基于2019年对河北地区457户使用地下水进行灌溉的农户调查数据,采用随机前沿模型对灌溉用水效率进行测算,进一步在参照相关研究基础上重新构建农户水资源稀缺性感知和地下水超采认知测度的指标体系,在控制个人和家庭特征、生产特征基础上,实证分析农户稀缺感知和超采认知对灌溉用水效率的影响。研究结果显示:农户平均灌溉用水效率值为0.59,主要分布区间为0.40~0.80,具有较大提升空间;稀缺感知中水量感知、水位感知和稀缺预期对农户用水效率具有显著正向影响,超采认知中地下水超采危害认知和压采环保认知对用水效率提升具有促进作用;务农年限和受教育程度同用水效率正相关,相较于自有土地,流转土地具有更高的用水效率,耕地细碎化和灌溉设施距离过远则显著降低用水效率。因此,大力提升农户相关认知水平、推进土地流转和完善设施建设等措施将有助于提高河北地区灌溉用水效率。

In recent years,with economic and social development,shortages in the surface water supply have led to a large-scale shift in groundwater exploitation and environmental problems caused by the overexploitation of groundwater.As the main water user,agricultural irrigation must reduce waste and improve efficiency.Based on the survey data of 457 farmer households in Hebei Province,this study used a stochastic frontier model to calculate irrigation water efficiency.We rebuilt the index system of water scarcity perception and groundwater overdraft cognition based on relevant research and empirically analyzed the effect of farmers’perceptions of scarcity and overexploitation on irrigation water efficiency while controlling for individual,family,and production characteristics.The results showed that the average irrigation water use efficiency of farmers was 0.59,the main distribution range was 0.40–0.80,with which farmer households accounting for 87.74%of the total.indicating there was a certain level of water waste(water use efficiency had a large scope for improvement).In scarcity perception,quantity perception,water level perception,and scarcity expectation had significant positive effects on irrigation water efficiency.In the cognition of groundwater overdraft,hazard cognition and environmental protection cognition promoted irrigation water efficiency.The number of farming years and education level were positively correlated with irrigation water efficiency.Transferred land had higher irrigation water efficiency than self-owned land.The fragmentation of cultivated land and the distance from irrigation facilities significantly reduced irrigation water efficiency.Based on the above conclusions,in this study,we recommend the following suggestions to improve agricultural irrigation efficiency in Hebei Province:conduct water situation education and improve the farmers’perception of water quantity and water level information.It is important to improve the dynamic monitoring mechanisms of water quantity and the water level,strengthen publicity and education on the current status of water shortages and future development,help farmers establish water-saving concepts.The publicity and education of groundwater environmental protection should be widely popularized,and the comprehensive cognition level of groundwater exploitation for farmers enhanced.Comprehensive measures for groundwater over mining should be widely publicized,and farmers should be mobilized to support and participate in the comprehensive treatment of groundwater over mining.Farmers should also consciously reduce waste and improve the efficiency of irrigation water.