论梯度简化的刑事诉讼程序体系——基于简化范围和简化效果的理论反思

Research on the Gradient Simplified Criminal Procedure System—Theoretical Reflection based on the Scope and Effect of Simplification of Criminal Procedure

近些年,中国刑事司法制度逐步建立了梯度简化的诉讼程序体系,其结构呈现出鲜明的阶梯式特点。“阶梯式”诉讼程序体系建构的前提条件,是不同案件的证明难度不同,梯度简化的诉讼程序恰好能够分流不同证明难度的刑事案件,同时能够保障所有案件适用相同的证明标准。根据司法实践的统计数据可知,碍于简化范围和简化效果的限制,尽管普通程序、简易程序、速裁程序的程序简化程度依次递增,三种诉讼程序审结刑事案件的能力却是依次递减,这是中国刑事司法资源一直得不到合理优化配置的重要原因。改革刑事诉讼程序简化范围和简化效果的限制存在两种方案,一是将简化范围前伸至刑事诉讼的审前阶段,二是建立更具灵活性的控辩协商机制。

In recent years,Chinese criminal justice system has gradually established a gradient simplified criminal procedure system,and it appears a distinct"stepped construction".The construction premise of the“stepped construction”criminal procedure system is that the proof difficulty varies in different cases.The gradient simplified criminal procedure system can just divert criminal cases with different proof difficulties and can guarantee the same proof standard for all cases at the same time.According to the statistics of judicial practice,due to the limitation of the scope and effect of simplification of criminal procedure,although the degree of simplification of general procedure,summary procedure and fast-track trail procedure is increasing,the ability of ending criminal cases of the three procedures is decreasing in turn,which indicates a significant reason why judicial resources in China have not been rationally and optimally allocated.There are two solutions to reform the limitation of the scope and effect of simplification of criminal procedure,one is to extend the scope of simplification to the pre-trial stage of criminal proceedings,and the other is to establish a more flexible negotiation mechanism for prosecution and defense.