复合植物提取物对蛋鸡生产性能、肠道黏膜形态及盲肠菌群结构的影响

Effects of Compound Plant Extracts on Performance,Intestinal Mucosal Morphology and Cecal Microflora Structure of Laying Hens

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平复合植物提取物对蛋鸡生产性能、肠道黏膜形态及盲肠菌群结构的影响。试验选取960只42周龄的健康状态良好且体重、产蛋率相近的海兰灰蛋鸡,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复48只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组在基础饲粮中分别添加150、300和450 mg/kg复合植物提取物。预试期10 d,正试期56 d。结果显示:1)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加300和450 mg/kg复合植物提取物显著提高了蛋鸡的产蛋率(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加300 mg/kg复合植物提取物显著降低了空肠和十二指肠隐窝深度(P<0.05),显著增加了十二指肠绒毛高度与隐窝深度的比值(P<0.05)。3)在盲肠菌群结构方面,与对照组相比,在门水平上,饲粮中添加300和450 mg/kg复合植物提取物显著提高了拟杆菌门的相对丰度(P<0.05),饲粮中添加450 mg/kg复合植物提取物显著降低了厚壁菌门的相对丰度(P<0.05);在属水平上,饲粮中添加450 mg/kg复合植物提取物显著提高了拟杆菌属的相对丰度(P<0.05),有提高艾克曼菌属相对丰度的趋势(P=0.063)。综上所述,在本试验条件下,饲粮中添加300 mg/kg复合植物提取物可提高蛋鸡的产蛋率,降低空肠和十二指肠隐窝深度,提高十二指肠绒毛高度和隐窝深度,并提高盲肠菌群中拟杆菌门的相对丰度,从而改善蛋鸡的肠道黏膜形态及盲肠菌群结构,提高生产性能。

The purpose of this experiment was conducted to study the effects of adding compound plant extracts with different levels to the diet on the performance,intestinal mucosal morphology and cecal microflora struc⁃ture of laying hens.A total of 960 healthy Hy⁃Line gray hens at the age of 42 weeks with similar body weight and laying rate were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups with 5 replicates in each group and 48 chick⁃ens in each replicate.Laying hens in control group were fed a basal diet,and those in test groupsⅠ,ⅡandⅢwere fed experimental diets which supplemented with 150,300 and 450 mg/kg of compound plant extracts into the basal diet,respectively.The pre⁃feeding period was 10 d and the formal period was 56 d.The results showed as follows:1)compared with the control group,diet supplemented with 300 and 450 mg/kg com⁃pound plant extracts significantly increased the laying rate of laying hens(P<0.05).2)Compared with the control group,the crypt depth of jejunum and duodenum was significantly reduced(P<0.05),and the ratio of villi height to crypt depth of duodenum was significantly increased when the diet supplemented with 300 mg/kg compound plant extracts(P<0.05).3)In the term of cecal microflora structure,at the phylum level,diet sup⁃plemented with 300 and 450 mg/kg compound plant extracts significantly increased the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes(P<0.05),and diet supplemented with 450 mg/kg compound plant extracts significantly de⁃creased the relative abundance of Firmicutes compared with the control group(P<0.05);at the genus level,the relative abundance of Bacteroides in the group supplemented with 450 mg/kg compound plant extracts was significantly increased(P<0.05),and the relative abundance of Akkermansia had an increasing trend com⁃pared with the control group(P=0.063).In summary,under the condition of this experiment,adding 300 mg/kg compound plant extracts into the diet can increase the laying rate of laying hens,reduce the crypt depth of jejunum and duodenum,increase the ratio of villi height to crypt depth of duodenum,increase the rel⁃ative abundance of Bacteroidetes in cecal microflora,and then improve the intestinal mucosal morphology and cecal microflora structure,and increase the performance of laying hens.