高温超导薄膜的原子尺度制备和表征

Atomic-scale preparation and characterization of high-temperature superconducting thin films

高温超导体因其丰富的物理性质和潜在的应用价值已成为30余年来凝聚态物理学备受关注的前沿方向之一.探索和发现新型高温超导体并以此建立非常规高温超导电性的物理机制是超导物理学家们长期追求的目标.本文从高温超导体的研究现状和瓶颈出发,介绍基于异质外延薄膜高温超导电性的原子尺度研究,阐述近年来分子束外延技术在高温超导薄膜制备和量子调控方面取得的研究进展.在外延薄膜超导特性表征方面,着重介绍基于原位扫描隧道显微镜对超导层的原子尺度研究.在新型高温超导体探索方面,主要介绍基于异质外延薄膜界面超导体系的构筑.本文侧重于展示实验设计思路、研究方法以及对高温超导电性微观机制的理解,力图以此启发相关领域的研究人员.

High-temperature(Tc)superconductors have been at the forefront of physics research for more than 30 years due to their rich physical properties and potential applications.Exploring and discovering new high-Tcsuperconductors,as well as hereby clarifying the microscopic mechanism of unconventional superconductivity are among the long-desired goals of the world’s physicists.In this article,starting from the history and current challenges of high-Tcsuperconductors,we review the atomic-scale understanding of conventional high-Tcsuperconductivity based on heteroepitaxial films,especially focusing on the recent experimental advances on molecular beam epitaxy growth and quantum manipulation of high-Tcsuperconducting thin films.We emphasize the atomic-scale exploration of epitaxial superconducting films by means of scanning tunneling microscopy,while a strategy of designing interfacial superconductors between two dissimilar materials is also introduced.We mainly devote to the experimental wisdom,methods,the microscopic understanding of high-Tcsuperconductivity,and hope to inspire the related scientific researchers.