一步法制备聚乙醇酸纤维的工艺及其性能研究

Study on technology and properties of polyglycolic acid fiber prepared by one-step method

以聚乙醇酸(PGA)为原料,采用熔融纺丝-拉伸-卷绕一步法工艺制备PGA纤维,研究了工艺路线对纤维结构的影响,重点讨论了拉伸倍数对纤维的结构、力学性能、回弹性能及亲水抗静电性能的影响。结果表明:采用熔融纺丝-拉伸-卷绕一步法工艺,可以较好地实现PGA纤维的热拉伸,纤维与纤维之间不易黏结,纤维结构的稳定性得到改善;随着拉伸倍数的提高,PGA纤维的声速值及结晶度增加,断裂强度提高,断裂伸长率减小,总弹性形变增加,回潮率和体积比电阻变化不大;拉伸倍数从2.8提高到3.0,PGA纤维的断裂强度从2.5 cN/dtex提高至4.1 cN/dtex,断裂伸长率从26.60%降至20.40%,总弹性形变从41.24%增加至51.69%,回潮率从1.14%增加至1.26%,体积比电阻从1.53×10^(9)Ω·cm降至1.02×10^(9)Ω·cm。

Using polyglycolic acid(PGA)as raw material,PGA fiber was prepared by melt spinning-drawing-winding one-step process.The effect of process route on fiber structure was studied.The effects of draw ratio on the structure,mechanical properties,resilience and hydrophilic antistatic properties of the fiber were emphatically discussed.The results showed that the hot drawing of PGA fiber can be efficiently realized by the melt spinning-drawing-winding one-step process,thus it was not easy to bond between fibers and the fiber structure was more stable;the sonic velocity value and crystallinity of PGA fiber increased,the breaking strength increased,the elongation at break decreased,the total elastic deformation increased,and the moisture regain and volume specific resistance changed little with the increase of draw ratio;and the breaking strength of PGA fiber increased from 2.5 cN/dtex to 4.1 cN/dtex,the elongation at break decreased from 26.60%to 20.40%,the total elastic deformation increased from 41.24%to 51.69%,the moisture regain increased from 1.14%to 1.26%,and the volume specific resistance decreased from 1.53×10^(9)Ω·cm to 1.02×10^(9)Ω·cm when the draw ratio increased from 2.8 to 3.0.