“表演”抑或“竞技”——武术奥运首秀的来龙去脉与启示

Performance or Athletics:Context and Enlightenment of Wushu Olympic Debut

武术在柏林奥运会上的表演实现了其与现代奥运会的首次接触,具有重要的历史价值和一定的启示意义。在史料搜集与整理的基础上运用文本分析法、逻辑归纳法和历史比较法对武术奥运首秀的前因后果展开研究。竞技是全面抗战前武术发展的主要内容,张之江此间积极推动武术竞技化改造。至柏林奥运会前夕,为了寻求参与奥运会以向西方推广武术并学习竞技化改造经验,张之江率先发起了奥运竞技的倡议。然而,体育协进会转从展示国家形象的现实利益出发,决定派出武术队随队参与表演。基于此,武术的奥运首秀由“竞技”转变为“表演”,并依此为主体进行了充分的准备。柏林奥运会期间,武术在德国6个城市的12场表演获得了积极反响,却并未借此历史机遇学习奥运精神促进近代武术沿着竞技化之路进行提升。面向未来,从武术奥运首秀中至少可以得到两点启示传承“套路表演”实施精准传播以提升武术“走出去”的影响力;发展“技击竞技”,在文明互鉴中始能提高武术“走出去”的竞争力。

Performing at the Berlin Olympic Games was the first time of Wushu being introduced into the modern Olympic Games,which was of important historical value and enlightenment.Based on the historical data,the study adopted historical comparison,text analysis and logical induction to review the time sequence of Wushu’s performance at the Berlin Olympic Games.Competitiveness was the main content of Wushu before the Anti-Japanese War,promoted by Zhang Zhijiang over its transformation.Before Berlin Olympic Games were held,Zhang Zhijiang launched the initiative to participate in the Olympic Games for perfecting the competitiveness of Wushu.China National Amateur Athletic Federation sent a Wushu team along with the Chinese Olympic Team to perform Wushu so as to demonstrate the image of China.Consequently,Wushu Olympic debut became performance instead of competition.During the Berlin Olympic Games,12 Wushu performances were given in 6 German cities that received positive comments Germany.However,no experience was learnt from the Olympic spirit to promote the competitiveness of modern Wushu.In the future,enhancing communication through Wushu routine performance and promoting fighting athletics to raise the competitiveness of Wushu.